"If a minority can succeed, even with better education, talent, etc., it shows that there is at the very least not a prevalent trend of discriminating against them."
No, you see, that's not how this works. When I explain the reasons why your assertions are incorrect, simply restating those assertions doesn't actually accomplish anything, except maybe making you sound like you weren't paying attention.
""Disadvantaged" minorities have a lower average income because of individual characteristics."
Now, if I had faith that I was talking to someone who cared about this complex reality we live in, I would talk about how individual characteristics are indeed a contributing factor, and how individual characteristics are informed by circumstances, and how the history of discrimination helped produce those circumstances. Then I'd note that even accounting for all that, you're *still* ignoring discrimination in the present day.
But I don't have that faith, so a simple "you're wrong" will do. You're in school, right? Go find your history teachers and talk to them about this shit. They know way more about it than either of us. You might learn something.