" The Congress shall have power To lay
and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and
Excises, to pay the Debts and provide
for the common defence
[note 1] and general Welfare of the
United States; but all Duties, Imposts
and Excises shall be uniform
throughout the United States;
To borrow Money on the credit of the
United States
;
To regulate Commerce with foreign
Nations, and among the several States,
and with the Indian Tribes
;
To establish a uniform Rule of
Naturalization , and uniform Laws on
the subject of Bankruptcies
throughout the United States;
To coin Money , regulate the Value
thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix
the Standard of Weights and
Measures ;
To provide for the Punishment of
counterfeiting the Securities and
current coin of the United States;
To establish Post Offices and post
Roads ;
To promote the Progress of Science
and useful Arts, by securing for limited
Times to Authors and Inventors the
exclusive Right to their respective
Writings and Discoveries
;
To constitute Tribunals inferior to the
supreme Court ;
To define and punish Piracies and
Felonies committed on the high Seas ,
and Offenses against the Law of
Nations ;
To declare War , grant Letters of
Marque and Reprisal , and make Rules
concerning Captures on Land and
Water
;
To raise and support Armies, but no
Appropriation of Money to that Use
shall be for a longer Term than two
Years;
To provide and maintain a Navy;
To make Rules for the Government
and Regulation of the land and naval
Forces
;
To provide for calling forth the Militia
to execute the Laws of the Union,
suppress Insurrections and repel
Invasions
;
To provide for organizing, arming, and
disciplining, the Militia, and for
governing such Part of them as may
be employed in the Service of the
United States, reserving to the States
respectively, the Appointment of the
Officers, and the Authority of training
the Militia according to the discipline
prescribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusive Legislation in all
Cases whatsoever
, over such District (not exceeding ten
Miles square) as may, by Cession of
particular States, and the Acceptance
of Congress, become the Seat of the
Government of the United States, and
to exercise like Authority over all
Places purchased by the Consent of
the Legislature of the State in which
the Same shall be, for the Erection of
Forts, Magazines , Arsenals , dock-Yards ,
and other needful Buildings;—And
To make all Laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying into
Execution the foregoing Powers, and
all other Powers vested by this
Constitution in the Government of the
United States, or in any Department or
Officer thereof."
"The powerd not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people"