"Even the link you sent doesn't mention the council of Nicea. Yes, it's often thought that Constantine's Bibles may have given motivation over the next 50-100 years to go ahead and figure out the canon for sure (see also Vulgate). The point is, though, MOST of it was already settled long before that. So the story you're always coming in and telling about Nicea doing a politically motivated hack job doesn't make a lot of sense."
Well, it was mostly to try and make the point vis a vis the Constantine Bible; again, I heard and read that the Council convened by Constantine to create his canonized Bibles canonized/de-canonized works...the History Channel's "Banned From the Bible" piece talks about it, and while I know how "historically accurate" the HC is and won't come in here with that as my sole anchor of "evidence."
As such, I'd ask:
--Most of it was already settled...by who? Not the Hebrews who wrote the scriptures...they had their own canon(s) (I include the plural as, let's face it, in the early ADs, which is when I'm talking about, even if there were canons, they were different canons)...and there are plenty of OT-era/Hebrew writings left out of the Bible the CHRISTIANS put together, so right there already, I'd say the fact that the people who wrote the stories didn't have their say what went in and what didn't into the Bible shows it to be a bit of a pick-and-choose game...maybe that's not as definitive to you as it is to me, but certainly we can at least agree it raises a textual issue in terms of selection and editing when it's someone else compiling the works of many authors from an entirely different group of people? It'd be like my editing a group of Chinese works together with the 250 AD-equivalent of "information" on the subjects...not only am I not going to be fully informed as to the textual history, but any sane person would spot that a typical white American putting together a "definitive canon" of Chinese texts in that way raises a cultural issue in terms of how the text is being treated.
--What's more, I've actually heard the "Thomas was already 100 years past the date" argument before...but the fact it it WAS a popular book in its day nonetheless, and I'd ask, if the other Gospels were written after the fact as it is (I know at least some of them were, I think all of them were, but I'll be tentative enough as I might be in ignorance here) and certainly the OT documents were written after the fact, and many years after the fact (surely a story such as Abraham's or Noah's was written many, MANY years later...after all, not too many people in the Bible when they're around, and unless Adam or Eve penned their own story of Genesis, or we subscribe to the ludicrous notion it was handed down from God--in which case we leave the realm of logical textual discussion and enter superstition entirely--then that was DEFINITELY written after the fact, and hundreds if not thousands of years so, assuming Adam even "existed") why is it so radically different with Thomas? If "Genesis" counts and it was written well after the events, why not "Thomas?" For Shakespeare, it makes sense--one author, so after he's dead, that's it, unless he publishes a work posthumously...thus, even though it's allegedly based off his story, "Double Falsehood" is left out, as it wasn't authored by, well, the one author that makes up a One-Author-Canon. If it's MULTIPLE authors, however, and that's the case with the Bible...well, that's a bit different, you can have multiple authors and a span of many years, and so, to be consistent, if other books written years after the events are let in, why leave out Thomas and the like-not-included books, if not for political or editorial reasons?
For starters.
"A few points about your Shakespeare stuff. (Good GRIEF you have to learn to write more concisely, obi. )"
Well, when I have to for class or for a submission that can be only a certain length, I can be...otherwise, I prefer to be as thorough as possible...
I just figure it's extra there to try and support my position if people want to read it all, and if they don't, well, they can skim parts or, hell, even ignore me, I suppose, that's their right, too...
In any case, I'm probably too far past it to be "concise" this time, so, to move onward...
"hat you fail to realize is that by and large, the people who developed the NT canon had reasons JUST as good for leaving out the books they did. You're just going back arbitrarily now and criticizing them for leaving out ANY books, without regard to what may have been their reasons.
For example, the Gospel of Thomas was mentioned as a fake already 100 years before Nicea (by Origen), and by the 500's -- about as far out as we are now from Shakespeare -- it was mentioned various places that it had been composed by the Manicheans."
As I've already spoken to my question with the issue of time--that is, why is it OK for the books in the Bible to have been written after the fact (and for many of them necessarily decades or centuries so unless, again, "Adam himself" wrote Genesis or something, precluding the "hand of man, Word of God" argument but, again, if we go that route we leave legitimate literary criticism miles behind) but not books like Thomas...
I'd ask as well--
If the Christians could include the Jewish/Hebrew books...why not those of the Gnostics or the Manicheans? Different groups/sects, but still, we can't make a culturally-specific argument and say "Well, they weren't Christian, hence it didn't belong in a Christian Bible" as they let in the Hebrew (and arguably some Zoroastrian via influence) stuff...
I can understand if the answer is "Because they didn't feel like it/they didn't want it in their book," but then again, it becomes an edited compilation of submissions, as it were, some "accepted" and some "rejected"--
Thus, not AT ALL a totally uniform and whole-cloth work...it's not as if it can be said all 66 books included had specific qualities that each of the other 65 share, or that they were all written with the others in mind an so are 66 cohesive books or even the Shakespeare angle of 66 by one author--
The Bible's a diverse compilation, and again, I'm FINE with that...I'm just saying, since they picked and chose what they wanted in and out, to whatever degree, the Bible IS an edited book (or, if you feel that's an unfair term...a "compiled" book over time, rather than one unified whole-cloth work?)
"But oh, no, they definitely had to be motivated entirely by political reasons, not historical/textual reasons like you are with Shakespeare."
Not entirely political, no, but you have to admit, especially given the Roman political setting of the time, politics probably were a factor? (Indeed, it's thought that politics were something a factor with authors of the NT itself, that the Roman Empire provided a sort of political force against which their message acted, and so in some sense, the NT, whether events occurred in real life or not, can be seen in tone as reactionary to the persecution Christians were undergoing within Rome? Again, not a bad thing, just a thing, just another aspect of the text itself...the Bible in its text and textual construction IS and WAS politically-tied to some extents.)
"Don't you see that people could come along in 1500 years and do the same thing with us vis-a-vis Shakespeare?"
...Except we have names, dates, documents, and signed texts proving otherwise, whereas in the case of the Bible, we have little to none of that?
True, some things in Shakespeare are muddied by textual debates--again, sullied vs. solid--but as to authorship, by and larger...
With the exception of fringe theories, which have always been there, I don't see that happening with Shakespeare because of all the evidence for Shakespeare's authorship of the plays given to him and the fact that, indeed, there is no dispute over whether it was Fletcher or Shakespeare, and Fletcher's name is on the manuscript signed and over a hundred years after Shakespeare's death...
So, we have enough evidence to not fall into the issue you propose (I WILL say that I can see where you might be coming from in, say, a post-apocalyptic world or something, where all these documents that prove authorship have been lost, but as we digitally and chemically and otherwise preserve these proving documents and dates and such now, whereas back them there was frail parchment and tablets and no means of mass and lasting information such as the Internet or CD disks, unless we lose all this technology in those 1500 years, I don't see that sort of authorship debate occurring, especially given one last thing--unlike the Bible, written by many men, Shakespeare was ONE man...and obviously men didn't live for the 150 or so years at least he'd need to write Taming of the Shrew and Double Falsehood, and we know that naturally as human beings, and the style is not only not Shakespeare's, it's not even Elizabethan, it'd be like trying to convince us that it was in fact Jane Austen who wrote The Hunger Games--not only does the style clash, but as Austen didn't have cameras or reality TV or the concept of an Orwellian State in her day, and the style isn't of her period or her writing style at all, we'd laugh at the thought.)
"So we have no way of knowing REAL Shakespeare."
Again, if someone made that claim, unless we lost ALL the documents and innumerable works discussing Shakespeare as well...
Born in 1564, died 1616, famous for hailing from Stratford and putting on plays in London, known friend and playwright for Queen Elizabeth I of England...
With the Biblical authors, there was little to no means of preserving such information, but for all muddy points there ARE in Shakespeare's life (as with many who lived in that era) even still, even in THAT era we have more than enough records to say who Shakespeare "was," and could date them using scientific methods if necessary to prove their age and preclude a "they were forged afterwards" argument.
The fact is, we KNOW who Shakespeare was, at least, in that sense.
With the Biblical authors, they didn't even have the relatively-crude methods of record-keeping that Shakespeare had in his day or the advanced methods we have today, so yes, they've slipped through the sands of time...but barring the loss of our technology, that won't likely happen again, at least not as strikingly as you suggest.
"Your other point, about intertextualism. You said, well, we couldn't know for sure if Exodus was really referring to Genesis, or to "Life of Adam and Eve." First of all, Exodus is an older book than the present form of LoAaE, so that would be remarkable. But there probably are different versions of the latter that extend farther back in time. So anyway, OK, you know how you could analyze that? Read LoAaE! Heck, there might well be intertextual elements. Who knows? As I say, this was all the common literary tradition of a relatively small ancient people, so it seems crazy to suggest there WOULDN'T be a lot of cross-referencing and allusions. That's regardless of whether it's written by the same person or not."
From a literary view--alright, fair enough point.
I just am used to hearing of "Biblical intertextualism" in the "prophetic," "See, this predicts this which predicts this which SHOWS that it's the Perfect Unified Word of God!"
But if you mean it in that literary sense you seem to mean above--OK, I can see that, fair point.
"Well, there is just exceptionally strong evidence that they were written in a single tradition."
I didn't dispute their being written in the same literary tradition, and even advocated that view, if I recall, that maybe in the same way "Lady Chatterly's Lover" and "Ulysses" were written in the same Modernist literary movement, maybe the OT and NT authors did the same.
I'M just saying that the same way, then, it'd be absurd for me to say Constance Chatterly of D.H. Lawrence's work was written with Leopold Bloom of Joyce's "Ulysses" in mind and the two books are CLEARLY meant to connect...you can say that there are thematic similarities and whatnot and say Lawrence and Joyce influenced one another...
But you wouldn't "canonize" the two works with the implication that one led directly from or tied directly into another--thus is my argument against all the OT and NT (particularly the OT) texts being written by so many authors at so many different times and yet all still "intended" to interlink, and thus the Bible is "edited" in that it "makes" them interlink in that sense...
The Lord of the Rings? Clearly interlinking, same author and same storyline.
The Harry Potter books? Ditto.
The two meant to "lead in" to one another and be connected the way the Bible forcibly connects books? Hardly.
THAT'S what I mean.
"You have a far too insulting view of Hebrew literary skill, which is sad."
I just speak from what I've read...which admittedly isn't as much as you, probably, but from what I've read, I find the Hebrew stories so far 1. Disgustingly immoral in many cases (and as I've said before, I'm OK with a wicked, immoral or even amoral book, as long as it's a good story, go ahead--but when you try and make the book a morality tale, as the Bible tries to make itself into, and that moral fails...some of the storytelling magic fails with it, in my view) and 2. Incredibly dull and repetitive (which makes sense, given the fact that it stems from an oral tradition and you have to include repetition like that so folks can remember the stories easier so they can be passed on.)
"Just as we can be pretty sure that "The Sun Also Rises" is not a randomly chosen title, but in fact a literary reference (to Ecclesiastes, in this case), so we can do similar analysis with the OT with use of similar phrases, quoting, allusion, etc."
Perhaps so, but even still, books left out displayed this ability to use literary references to allude to other works as well.
(See? Long, but I try and be detailed, if I failed...not for lack of trying.)
:)