http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2011/08/17/2532704/stop-coddling-the-super-rich.html
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It's more than taxes and defense. The current entitlement system is unsustainable; we have unfunded future liabilities in the form of entitlements whose cost EXCEEDS THE GDP OF THE ENTIRE WORLD.
http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2011-06-06-us-owes-62-trillion-in-debt_n.htm
Personally, I think the solution is to look to adjust (read: cut) spending first and scale government back within financially-solvent and Constitutional bounds. That's going to include entitlement reform. That's going to include military spending. That's going to include ending corporate welfare and ending the American Empire.
The second step is to reform the tax code, with one exception -- tax loopholes should be closed ASAP. (Technically that makes it the first step, but calling it the first step makes it sound like it's THE issue when it's clearly not. The point is that President Eden wouldn't put off tax reform until he got his cuts, he would fix tax loopholes right off the bat because it's an easy and necessary fix, his more-extremely-conservative colleagues be damned.)
Tax code should be made much simpler first, because there's no need for it to be complex. In reforming the tax structure, you tinker around with the simplified tax rates and try to produce a net increase. I'm actually thinking -- though I can't back this with numbers, and would welcome a correction if I'm wrong -- that fixing the loopholes could possibly even allow for taxes to be *decreased* across the board while *still* increasing revenue relative to the current situation... but obviously you're not necessarily looking to decrease taxes, that's just a fun rhetorical point to observe.
You fix your loopholes and simplify the tax structure and see where that leaves you. If you're still short, you raise taxes, noting that, having cut government expenditures back to within Constitutional bounds, my conservative colleagues who actually believe the principles they claim to believe should assent to this tax increase. (Not happily, of course -- no one likes new taxes -- but they should see reason and assent.) And if you have a surplus, then you lower taxes across the board.