Tolstoy. My premise is the exact opposite of what you state. In practice, Governments have given franchises or helped establish and maintain monopolies for many reasons. As you have noted, it usually goes to the politically connected. This is a habit of those in charge that dates back to the dawn of civilization.
This practice of franchise is the very reason free markets don't exist in nature. Political power captures free markets were ever they pop up and are profitable. Also, free markets cannot exist in a situation of war or lawlessness. In the absence of a governing authority, control is by threat of, or use of, violence or by exclusive access to a product.
I would agree with each of your examples. They only reinforce my point. They are good examples of how the U. S. government is really a stooge for the large corporate oligarchs and politically connected interest groups in the country.
When some entity establishes a safe haven for trade - the nature of that market is dependent on the intentions of the controlling authority. Without exception, that authority seeks to profit from market control. Control usually runs to extracting monopoly rights or withholding benefit of the good from an enemy or foe. Progressive control or regulation would seek to maintain the market in as free a state as possible and keep it out of the hands of monopolist.
Please site an example of a long-standing free market that exists without the protection of a government or political framework.
My premise is that free markets are a theoretical constructs used to analyze market dynamics. They can exist for a time, but only as long as the prevailing powers (political, criminal, warring factions, economic competition) haven't figured how to capture them. I am suggesting that markets should be captured and protected from the economic forces external to the market that drive them to a monopolistic position. Also, that government should exercise restraint from establishing monopoly rights or special privilege in its effort to establish free markets.
Progressive regulation is something that should be used only to limit the ability of a player in the market to gain a controlling share of the market - no more than that. To create an environment were competition could take place. Real positive regulation should have a very small footprint and be focused on efficiency, social benefit, and fostering innovation. Also, they should be accessible to new players.
I will grant you this. Given that very few people understand this concept - versus to huge number of groups that want some monopoly rents from a government franchise - it is not likely to be implemented. This kind of regulation is probably a progressive's pipe dream as much as a long-standing free market is a conservative myth.
Every example of regulation you have used is an example of the opposite of a progressively regulated market. These are examples of the establishment and maintenance of monopoly rights by the politically connected. This is "regulation" of the market in an old school way - to seize control of the market for the benefit of a some few or class of people. It is a defect of our democracy that these players have the unequal influence that they do. This use of the term regulation in connection with the maintenance of monopoly is the "Newspeak" use of the term. Conservatives confuse these two different goals in regulation in an effort to block any government involvement in the market.
The examples you site are the number one argument for reform of campaign finance. These conditions under which political campaigns are run today did not exist in 1789. In those days money was not really a factor in campaigning. Personal connection and citizen participation was. We don't have answers to some of the contradictions of freedom of speech and association and the unequal ability of special interest (right and left) to drown out the voices of average folks. This is really another discussion. And it is true that any actions by the government (or any significantly larger player in the market) can foster some sort of special privilege. Receivers of this privilege will use political influence to retain it. This inadvertent creation of special privilege is a source of government inability to react to changes in markets as they evolve. I acknowledge that this makes government somewhat inefficient as a regulator.
during the seventies it was acknowledged that many of the regulatory schemes that had been developed over the course of time, needed to be changed or eliminated because of the evolution of the economy. However, much of the deregulation that was accomplished was to undo any ability of the government to maintain price taker or free markets. Most of this deregulation did not address any of the government’s practices of regulating the market to the benefit of government-sponsored monopolies. You sighted a number of examples where political influence was used to spare the privileged of any true deregulation.
Microsoft is a definite example of the de-regulation gone arye. An example of a period when regulation was a four letter word. We were in the mist of de-regulatory mood. Let's not stifle the technological developments being fostered by Microsoft. Obviously, that is a huge topic. Knowing something about computers and having been there, back in the day. I am not sure what one could point to as a specific Microsoft innovation to the technology. They basically begged, borrowed and mostly stole every innovation that one might point to as being brought to the market by Microsoft. They used their existing market position to bully or freeze out competitors. It was an open and shut case. Unfortunately, the government of the time did not believe in market regulation of a progressive model. They really waited till Bill Gates was too powerful to be effectively dealt with. Well, the horse is out why fret over the barn door.
I would agree with your concluding statement. Except, I would hold out that an alternative reality could be - but that would mean we have to get off our asses and do something about it. Do what was expected of us by the founding fathers. They would subscribe to one truth spoken by Newt Gingrich. “You can't trust anybody with power.”