Unbelievable how fast this thread went from a discussion of Russia's intervention and how it would effect.
First of all, BaldOldGuy, if you believe Islam is plain bad because some part of the religions written book is plain bad, than you must believe the same about Christianity. Point is, every religion has it dark sides. You cannot use your religion as a background to criticize other religions for eventual shortcomings or fanaticism.
To answer on yassem's questions, from a European small-state citizen view:
1) No we are not returning - we have been in cold war politics for a while now. Just look at how many times Russia have been making flights near the boarders of Scandinavia, testing the defense of this region.
And not surprising, nearly every agreement about the ending of the cold and the EU/ NATO between Russia and some of the great powers of the west have been broken. The conflict in Ukraine wasn't triggered by Russian intervention, that only happened later as the conflict evolved. The conflict was triggered by western support against the old regime. Had EU supported the old regime when it asked for help with it gas-debts towards Russia, things would have been very different.
2) No, not at the moment. It might evolve later on, but at the moment there is no reason to pull threads between Afghanistan in the Soviet Era and the Syrian Conflict. First of all because Russia is actually supporting the regime at being not trying to make a new one. This means they can at first hope not to have foot soldiers on the ground much the same as USA's situation in Iraq. Going from that line of thought, you can actually compare the USA-Iraq situation to the Russia-Syria situation. Furthermore coming from international law, Russia is actually only helping a sovereign state in need. If you want to, you can see Syria as a state that is trying to protect it's citizens. I think it sometime would be advisable to follow international law instead of what sometime seems as USA's right here and right now moral situation. If one is to think about the whole Syrian Civil War and Russia's part therein it have only acted as anyone could have predicted - actually maybe a bit better since it was a key ingredient in the destruction of the Syrian Armys chemical weapons. American and European civilians and media should know better than portray Russia as an enemy just because they assist an regime that they have assisted for a long, long period. If that is all that needs to put someone as the enemy of the west, then the west with USA in the lead are our enemy too - since USA helps nearly every other regime in the Mideastern region from Egypt to Bahrain. It's simply double standards - one of the reasons the Russians frown at western reactions.
The end result is likely to be that the west will back down on the situation within Syria and let Russia and Syria defeat first the moderate Syrians then ISIS. If we wanted to have the end result different, we should have done something very different years ago. So no, it's not the Afghan-Soviet War all over again - it's just the Syrian Civil War. There really ain't any possible comparisons under the Cold War, simply because we do not have a bipolar power structure anymore. It is both impossible to find some situation of comparison and very dangerous - because such comparisons always have a purpose to mislead the public opinion of the actual situation at hand.
So, it's just the Syrian Civil War, nothing more, nothing less.
3)
I think I have argumented a bit for this in the second answer. But to summarize, no it is not Russia who is saying "fuck the world" and Germany is not weak because it doesn't want to reciprocate. If you look at world politics like a arena for just fighting and rise of hostilities than yes, but then you are bound to end in war on war or even worse world wars. This is why the US and the rest of NATO should follow it's own rules and not intervene in anything unless it has the mandate of a sovereign power attacked by Syria or a mandate from the UN saying that Syria is not able to defend it's citizens. If we don't follow our own rules, then why should Russia or China?
You really outta try to look this from Russia's POV. For one, it is the NATO/EU who have broken former agreements in the whole former Eastblock by taking in candidates bordering Russia. Two, even when Russia looked past this, we kept on being aggressive, thinking "now's the chance, we can move the front to Russia's own border. There's a reason why Russians feel unsure in what the west is doing. They feel that it reminds them of Nazi Germany expansion before Operation Barbarossa. And now we also wanted to take Ukraine away from them. Try to imagine a situation where China is trying to get Mexico or Canada as they military and trade partners and you might get the feeling Russians is sitting with.