I live in Manchester and seeing my city center so badly torn apart is shocking. I'm glad there's a thread about this to discuss it.
Firstly @obiwan: a little bit disappointed at the news services you must be using if all you could find about England was articles on cricket! This is obviously much more serious than that but thankfully people have begun to address that and explained some of the causes in this thread.
@fulhamish: I also heard about the shopkeepers of Hackney who gathered together to defend their stores, good on them!
@Otto: £9,000 is approximately $15,000. Consider on top of that the average wage in Britain is 25% lower than the US but that food prices are double - this hits students here hard. So, whilst $15,000 might seem petty to you compared to your $50,000 costs, the circumstances around those tuition fees will make life hard for University students in Britain. This is also a major shift in University education costing - only 5 years ago, tuition fees were £1,500. They then went up to a top-upped cap of just over £3,000. Now, despite the Liberal Democrat party saying in their election campaign that they would stand against any rise in tuition fees (even touring University campuses, including my own, signing massive 'pledge' boards), they broke that covenant and voted in favour of sharp rises in tuition fees.
This is why students protested as obiwan's professor noted. However, I think the term 'mini-protest' is unfair. The vast majority of British students are not 'of the mindset that education is an inalienable right, and cheaply' - most students accept as fair that they need to make a contribution to their education but the way the government has been selling the tuition fee increase was wholly misleading. They said that only a handful of universities would charge £9,000 but now almost all of the top 40 universities will charge that rate. Worse than that, the government pledged money to help poorer students from working-class background but that pot of money was not ringfenced as they promised and will not be enough to cover the amount of universities that intend to charge the maximum fees. That comes on top of the complete break of trust that the Liberal Democrats made to students, it's core voting group, when they broke their election promise.
However, like every other protest in Britain in recent past, the student protests fell on deaf ears. Unfortunately, there is a feeling in Britain that the public voice is rarely heard by the political class. Last month, a massive strike and protest was organised by teachers and public sector workers to protest on the drastic and harsh changes to their pay and pension plans. Little changed. Millions of people marched against the invasion of Iraq, but their voices were not listened to then either.
When time and again the public aren't listened to, it is no wonder people feel frustrated and despairing. There is no justification for the violence across Britain but the government should realise at least some responsibility for the effect that its policies have had. The government has cut youth job programmes, they scrapped community libraries, youth centres and citizen's advice bureaus, they cancelled the EMA (the Educational Maintanence Allowance that gives 16-19 year olds from poor working-class backgrounds the money to attend college. As remember, good colleges aren't in poor neighbourhoods, these students have to pay for buses and with the libraries cut and closing, books as well)...but after doing all this the government then has the cheek to complain that there are too many youths on the streets and that we have a youth/gang culture problem.
Unemployment is at 8.8% in Britain, with around 60 applicants for every job in most areas and if people were as annoyed about that as someone taking a TV from a superstore chain than perhaps the social inequalities that led to this problem would be attended to in the first place. There should be more anger about council chiefs leaving with £200,000 bonuses at the end of their year whilst their staff are being made redundant in their thousands. The peaceful march before Mark Duggan was shot wasn't even covered by the national/international media - the issues being raised now only get raised when people riot in this way, when direct action is taken. It almost begs the question, is it any wonder it comes to this?
Unfortunately, communities like Brixton, London and Salford, Manchester have had a long history of inequality and a cycle of unemployment and state benefits - but because it is just the way it is people don't get annoyed about it or seek to change it. The violence angers me deeply and having our neighbourhoods and city centres smashed up makes no sense at all but it angers me deeply that so much corruption persists in our political and financial system and that people think it is ok to simplify and use binary breakdowns for something actually very complex labelling these working class people, who always suffer the most when times are tough, as mindless idiots who should be shot and that the army should be called in. Such rhetoric doesn't support community cohesion and only helps fuel the class tensions on the ground. Places like London and Manchester need to address the huge wealth gap in their cities that leaves people feeling so desperate that they loot a supermarket for a bag of rice. The wanton violence and theft of luxury items such as TVs (and indeed theft of any item) is obviously bad, but when you see women going into the broken shops to steal bags of potatoes (which has happened in my city) then something much deeper is going wrong, not just mindless thuggery and it is this desperation that I find most worrying of all.
@The Hanged Man: As a side issue, Hanged Man mentioned the groups of troublemakers who travel to protests, any protests, trying to incite dangerous violent behaviour and this is definitely a side-problem that needs addressing completely on its own. These people do need punishing severely and this issue requires more attention unfortunately by our already stretched and cut police services.