@Draugnar,
Well, when I was in college, the basic textbook was HAR Gibb's ironically titled "Mohammedanism" (a good Muslim would take offense to the title, since the religion isn't supposed to be about Muhammed, but about God). The book is dated (originally published in 1949), but fortunately the core tenets and beliefs of religions don't really change much in 60 years. It's available from Amazon, although the price is surprisingly steep:
http://www.amazon.com/Mohammedanism-Historical-H-R-Gibb/dp/1104843080/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1271911728&sr=8-1
If you're willing to make a serious study, the best place to start would of course be with a heavily-footnoted English language translation of the Qu'ran. This though takes a lot of time and patience - much of it (including the second chapter, which is also the longest) is text which lays out the basics of Islamic Law and is about as exciting as the California Vehicle Code. *DO NOT* get any of the plain vanilla straight translations (ie, Penguin) that makes no attempt to explain the context and 'hidden messages' of the underlying text - that is absolutely pointless. Much of the Qu'ran requires an understanding of the particular situation when particular verses were revealed to make real sense and get a genuine understanding of Islam. Also, the footnotes will include some Qu'ranic exegesis which will be helpful in understanding Islam as a religion beyond just Qu'ran. I'd make a recommendation, but my two heavily footnoted Qu'rans are 1) printed by an obscure and non-mainstream offshoot sect of Islam (this was my introduction to Islam), and 2) an extremely well-produced (and probably very expensive) version which CAIR was for a short time shipping for free to anyone who requested them (a program which they have apparently and unfortunately terminated). This one is the best-recommended on Amazon, but I can't vouch for it personally:
http://www.amazon.com/Quran-Oxford-Worlds-Classics/dp/0199535957/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1271912422&sr=1-1
Here are a few websites I have bookmarked over the years which may be of interest:
http://www.islamonline.net/English/index.shtml (largely a collection of religious rulings (fatwas) by religious scholars, some written by a professor whose class I took at University and happened to be one of the most prominent members of the Muslim community in America)
http://wwww.examiner.com/x-17122-SF-Muslim-Examiner (an American convert to Islam and also a hardcore Libertarian who publishes a blog covering subjects of interest to both identities)
http://english.bayynat.org.lb/ (personal website and fatwas of the religious leader of Hezbollah, who is actually pretty liberal (or at least moderate) on several issues)
http://minaret.org/ (Minaret of Freedom Institute - a Libertarian/Muslim think tank)
http://www.introductiontoislam.org/index2.shtml (I picked this up from a google search just now, and after a ten minute review I find it worthy of recommendation)
I don't know if there are any mosques or Islamic bookstores near you in the Rustbelt, but they might be a good place to start.as well Be forewarned that the people you meet on this path may not necessarily be representative of the entire Muslim community (the mosque closest to my house, for instance, is an Ahmaddiya mosque. They're kinda like Jehovah's Witnesses or Mormons in Islam - far outside the mainstreams of doctrinal though, but still titularly part of the Community of Believers)
The quickest and easiest route to knowledge of Islam would be wikipedia, but I would not recommend it. If you go down that road, your quest will be filled with perilous disinformation, bias, distortions, and outright lies from more quarters and with more agendas than you can even imagine right now. Should you choose this path, be sure to read the discussion page for each article concurrently with the actual text, so you can get a feel of each article's 'angle'. (I will say that wikipedia's articles on Islam and related subjects are generally much better than they were 2-3 years ago, but there are still some real clunkers).
I also recommend "Muhammad" by Martin Lings, a fairly basic, easy-to-read, and uncontroversial (from what I remember - I read it about ten years ago) English language biography: http://www.amazon.com/Muhammad-Life-Based-Earliest-Sources/dp/1594771537/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1271914320&sr=8-1
Keep in mind that I'm not actually a Muslim (although I did seriously consider converting back in college during the late 90's), so my advice may not necessarily be correct; God knows best (as they say).