wydend

Profile Information

    Banned

  • User Comment:
  • "Banned by a moderator: duplicate"


  • Last visited: 08 Sep 12 UTC
  • Joined: 16 May 09 UTC


Ranking Info Help

    PointsD:
  • Available: 0
  • In play: 0
  • Total: 0
  • Ghost Rating Overall:
  • Rating: 114
  • Peak: 138
  • Position: 8,166
  • Ghost Rating Full Press:
  • Rating: 89
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 29,333
  • Ghost Rating Live:
  • Rating: 119
  • Peak: 122
  • Position: 1,280
  • Ghost Rating Gunboat:
  • Rating: 97
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 14,385


Game Stats
  • All Game stats:
  • Game messages: 3,611

  • Won: 2 ( 4% )
  • Drawn: 18 ( 33% )
  • Survived: 12 ( 22% )
  • Defeated: 23 ( 42% )
  • Total (finished): 55

  • Civil disorder: 0
  • Civil disorders taken over: 2
  • Classic:
  • Won: 2 ( 4% )
  • Drawn: 18 ( 34% )
  • Survived: 12 ( 23% )
  • Defeated: 21 ( 40% )
  • Total (finished): 53
  • Classic Press:
  • Won: 1 ( 2% )
  • Drawn: 17 ( 39% )
  • Survived: 10 ( 23% )
  • Defeated: 16 ( 36% )
  • Total (finished): 44
  • Classic Gunboat:
  • Won: 1 ( 11% )
  • Drawn: 1 ( 11% )
  • Survived: 2 ( 22% )
  • Defeated: 5 ( 56% )
  • Total (finished): 9
  • Classic Ranked:
  • Won: 2 ( 4% )
  • Drawn: 18 ( 34% )
  • Survived: 12 ( 23% )
  • Defeated: 21 ( 40% )
  • Total (finished): 53
  • Variant stats:
  • Defeated: 2 ( 100% )
  • Total (finished): 2


Reliability Rating: 100%

Reliability Explained:

What is Reliability?

Reliability is how consistently you avoid interrupting games. Any un-excused missed turns hurt your rating. If you have any un-excused missed turns in the last 4 weeks you will receive an 11% penalty to your RR for each of those delays. It is very important to everyone you are playing with to be reliable but we understand mistakes happen so this extra penalty will drop to 5% after 28 days. All of the un-excused missed turns that negatively impact your rating are highlighted in red below. Excused delays will only negatively impact your base score, seen below. Mod excused delays do not hurt your score in any way.

Live Game: If a game had phases 60 minutes long or less any excused missed turns will only impact your rating for 28 days total. The penalty is the same, 5% long term and 6% short term, except the long term penalty is for 28 days and the short term is for 7 days.
System Excused: If you had an "excused missed turn" left this will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Mod Excused: If a moderator excused the missed turn this field will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Same Period Excused: If you have multiple un-excused missed turns in a 24 hour period you are only penalized once with the exception of live games, if this field is yes it will not cause additional penalties against your rating.

What happens if my rating is low?

Many games are made with a minimum rating requirement so this may impact the quality of games you can enter. If you have more then 3 non-live un-excused missed turns in a year you will begin getting temporarily banned from making new games, joining existing games, or rejoining your own games.

  • 1-3 un-excused delays: warnings
  • 4 un-excused delays: 1-day temp ban
  • 5 un-excused delays: 3-day temp ban
  • 6 un-excused delays: 7-day temp ban
  • 7 un-excused delays: 14-day temp ban
  • 8 un-excused delays: 30-day temp ban
  • 9 or more un-excused delays: infinite, must contact mods for removal
  • Live game excused turns are penalized independently for temporary bans. 1-2 un-excused missed turns in live games will be a warning, and the 3rd, and any after that will result in a 24 hour temp ban. The 2 warnings reset every 28 days resulting in significantly more yearly warnings for live game players then the normal system.


    User relationships

    User relationships serve two purposes:

    • 1. Allow users who have a relationship outside of the server to disclose and register the relationship.

      This lets other players account for possible bias in-game, lets players set their games to exclude close relationships between players, and helps the moderator team ignore otherwise suspicious usage patterns (e.g. a family / school using the same computer / network).
    • 2. Give users a way to register a suspicion that two or more users may have an undisclosed relationship, based on in-game behavior.

      This gives the suspected user a chance to explain before needing moderators, allows users to exclude suspected-cheaters from their games, gives an extra mechanism to help moderators identify cheaters by taking the suspicions of many users together, provides a single place where a suspicion can be discussed directly, and allows repeat offenders to be tracked across new accounts and excluded without requiring bans.

    No relationship links

    Verified Relationships

    No verified relationships exist for this user.

    Unverified Relationships

    No unverified relationships exist for this user.


    Ghost Rating Overall Trending

    wydend's games

    Showing results 1 to 20 of 55 total results.

    1
    Sort By:
    Finished: 06 AM Fri 07 May 10 UTC
    Guns and Boats
    12 hours /phase
    Pot: 140 D - Spring, 1910, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Russia
    laurence208y (3405D)
    Drawn. 13 supply-centers, 13 units
    England
    AlexNesta (239D)
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 8 units
    Italy
    lulzworth (366D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Germany
    Il Principe (235D)
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    France
    Jimbozig (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Austria
    Forsaken (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Turkey
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    Jimbozig (0DX)France (Autumn, 1908) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 07 AM Tue 01 Jun 10 UTC
    Ancient Med Game
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Autumn, 16, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Rome
    Hellenic Riot (1626D(G))
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 15 units
    Greece
    Silver1974 (206D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 7 units
    Egypt
    Snorri (1327D)
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 7 units
    Persia
    Jamiet99uk (1307D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Carthage
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    Jamiet99uk (1307D)Persia (Autumn, 7) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 08 PM Sun 18 Apr 10 UTC
    Private The Future Soon
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 210 D - Spring, 1912, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Austria
    rdrivera2005 (3533D(G))
    Drawn. 13 supply-centers, 13 units
    England
    Alderian (2425D(S))
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    France
    falsifian (188D)
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    Germany
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Turkey
    Maniac (189D(B))
    Drawn. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    Italy
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Russia
    ava2790 (232D(S))
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Civil Disorders
    ava2790 (232D(S))Russia (Spring, 1906) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 12 PM Wed 31 Mar 10 UTC
    Morituri te salutant!
    10 hours /phase
    Pot: 280 D - Autumn, 1915, Finished
    Classic, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Austria
    Silver Wolf (9388D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Turkey
    amystu8699 (954D)
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 8 units
    England
    panache (292D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    France
    Bxblaze85 (100D)
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    Germany
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Russia
    Gre913 (628D)
    Defeated. Bet: 40D
    Italy
    y77 (241D)
    Defeated. Bet: 40D
    Finished: 03 PM Fri 16 Apr 10 UTC
    Private Dharma Station: The Orchid
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 707 D - Autumn, 1911, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by rdrivera2005 (3533D(G))
    Russia
    rdrivera2005 (3533D(G))
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 14 units
    France
    Macrado (706D)
    Survived. 8 supply-centers, 7 units
    England
    rhydon (3098D)
    Survived. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Turkey
    wydend (0DX)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 6 units
    Italy
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Austria
    Defeated. Bet: 101D
    Germany
    L1star (1647D(S))
    Defeated. Bet: 101D
    Finished: 07 PM Mon 08 Mar 10 UTC
    Beginners on a Fast Boat with Guns
    8 hours /phase
    Pot: 40 D - Autumn, 1906, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by wydend (0DX)
    Germany
    wydend (0DX)
    Won. 19 supply-centers, 14 units
    Turkey
    Zybodia (355D)
    Survived. 15 supply-centers, 13 units
    Italy
    Boodaboy (104D)
    Resigned. 0 supply-centers, 3 units
    England
    Angelofdeath (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    France
    bms (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Austria
    stuartloxton (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Russia
    Angeloflife (107D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Boodaboy (104D)Italy (Spring, 1905) with 5 centres.
    stuartloxton (100D)Austria (Autumn, 1904) with 1 centres.
    dshban (100D)France (Autumn, 1902) with 4 centres.
    Angelofdeath (100D)England (Autumn, 1903) with 0 centres.
    bms (100D)France (Autumn, 1904) with 2 centres.
    Finished: 06 AM Sat 27 Feb 10 UTC
    Whoflungdung
    8 hours /phase
    Pot: 78 D - Autumn, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    France
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 15 units
    Turkey
    gspatton (810D)
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    Austria
    roo (1018D)
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Russia
    xcmatt (1196D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Italy
    TheHand (656D)
    Defeated. Bet: 8D
    Germany
    beecue (177D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    England
    Scruffer (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    TheHand (656D)Italy (Spring, 1909) with 1 centres.
    rileyg25 (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 01 AM Sun 07 Feb 10 UTC
    Do it...
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Autumn, 1909, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Bilbo (615D)
    France
    Bilbo (615D)
    Won. 19 supply-centers, 15 units
    Russia
    BusDespres (182D)
    Survived. 10 supply-centers, 12 units
    Austria
    wydend (0DX)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 2 units
    Germany
    Danbme (135D)
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 3 units
    Turkey
    chrisjj (118D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 2 units
    Italy
    Hubb (881D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    England
    tmg996 (147D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    tmg996 (147D)England (Autumn, 1906) with 1 centres.
    Finished: 07 PM Tue 02 Feb 10 UTC
    Private Experienced Live Gunboat 2
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 140 D - Spring, 1910, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    England
    jimgov (219D(B))
    Drawn. 16 supply-centers, 16 units
    Austria
    podium (498D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Turkey
    hellalt (113D)
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    France
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Italy
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Germany
    Semp (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Russia
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    Semp (100D)Germany (Autumn, 1903) with 1 centres.
    Finished: 08 PM Mon 01 Feb 10 UTC
    live 3
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Spring, 1914, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Turkey
    jmeyersd (4240D)
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    France
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    England
    vlajko (224D)
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 8 units
    Italy
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Germany
    L1star (1647D(S))
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Russia
    joke9887 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Austria
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    L1star (1647D(S))Germany (Autumn, 1906) with 1 centres.
    Finished: 07 PM Sun 07 Mar 10 UTC
    Featured Dharma Station: The Flame
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 1050 D - Autumn, 1912, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by The Hanged Man (4160D(G))
    England
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 17 units
    France
    Macrado (706D)
    Survived. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Turkey
    BESM (18622D)
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Italy
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Russia
    FloatingLakes (5034D)
    Defeated. Bet: 150D
    Austria
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 150D
    Germany
    Defeated. Bet: 150D
    Finished: 09 PM Thu 28 Jan 10 UTC
    Roundhouse Kick to the Jugular
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 70 D - Spring, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Austria
    Barn3tt (41969D)
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 15 units
    Germany
    jimgov (219D(B))
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 10 units
    France
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    England
    moses (124D)
    Resigned. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    Italy
    jeromeblack (129D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Turkey
    bob.conal (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    Happymunda (0DX)Russia (Autumn, 1904) with 1 centres.
    moses (124D)England (Autumn, 1908) with 1 centres.
    bob.conal (100D)Turkey (Autumn, 1906) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 02 PM Sun 24 Jan 10 UTC
    5 minute Gunboat-2
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Autumn, 1910, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by fetteper (1448D)
    Austria
    fetteper (1448D)
    Won. 19 supply-centers, 17 units
    France
    curtis (8870D)
    Survived. 13 supply-centers, 11 units
    Italy
    Gobba (2209D(G))
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 4 units
    Germany
    PhilMan (188D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 2 units
    Russia
    SlyShy (130D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Turkey
    DrAlligator (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    England
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    DrAlligator (100D)Turkey (Autumn, 1904) with 2 centres.
    Finished: 05 PM Thu 15 Apr 10 UTC
    lets save the world - 2
    2 days /phase
    Pot: 258 D - Autumn, 1913, Finished
    Classic, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Bananenrepublikaner (100D)
    Germany
    Won. 19 supply-centers, 16 units
    England
    Tomattack (497D)
    Survived. 10 supply-centers, 11 units
    Italy
    wydend (0DX)
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Turkey
    Resigned. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    France
    sllippi (423D)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Austria
    suprasec (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 23D
    Russia
    Derek Vim (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Civil Disorders
    P8er Jackson (0DX)Turkey (Autumn, 1912) with 3 centres.
    Risingashes (100D)Austria (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    CyanideTR (100D)Italy (Spring, 1902) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 07 PM Wed 10 Mar 10 UTC
    World War IV
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 181 D - Autumn, 2014, Finished
    World Diplomacy IX, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Brazil
    drppnlds (142D)
    Drawn. 31 supply-centers, 28 units
    Near-East
    abernat (161D)
    Drawn. 29 supply-centers, 28 units
    China
    jayruegg (190D)
    Drawn. 26 supply-centers, 26 units
    Argentina
    mel1980 (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Europe
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Frozen-Antarctica
    Pawlovski (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 11D
    Ghana
    Jack_Klein (897D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    India
    tilMletokill (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Kenya
    Panthers (470D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Libya
    nerdking (220D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Pacific-Russia
    hellalt (113D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Quebec
    Timur (684D(B))
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    South-Africa
    48v4stepansk (1915D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    USA
    plbrmn (165D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Western-Canada
    grimwolf (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Oz
    Golgo1 (459D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    zrallo (100D)Frozen-Antarctica (Autumn, 2004) with 5 centres.
    tilMletokill (100D)India (Autumn, 2001) with 1 centres.
    plbrmn (165D)USA (Spring, 2011) with 6 centres.
    Golgo1 (459D)Oz (Autumn, 2005) with 0 centres.
    grimwolf (100D)Western-Canada (Autumn, 2002) with 1 centres.
    Pawlovski (100D)Frozen-Antarctica (Autumn, 2007) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 12 PM Fri 19 Feb 10 UTC
    MoLoToV cOcKtAiLs
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 79 D - Spring, 1915, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    England
    almurik (178D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Turkey
    Ashley (192D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Austria
    Viscera (165D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    France
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Germany
    pdopson (357D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Italy
    mylifeisfix (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 9D
    Russia
    ormi (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    Anshikuu (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1903) with 4 centres.
    Finished: 11 PM Tue 15 Dec 09 UTC
    New Game-23
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 74 D - Autumn, 1917, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by tomekperet (1041D)
    France
    tomekperet (1041D)
    Won. 20 supply-centers, 16 units
    Turkey
    jquirk (100D)
    Survived. 11 supply-centers, 8 units
    Russia
    Red Squirrel (856D)
    Resigned. 3 supply-centers, 8 units
    Italy
    radziu (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 4D
    Austria
    zrallo (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    England
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    zrallo (100D)Austria (Spring, 1913) with 7 centres.
    Red Squirrel (856D)Russia (Spring, 1917) with 10 centres.
    jireland20 (0DX)Germany (Autumn, 1911) with 0 centres.
    RBrock (132D)Italy (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    radziu (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1905) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 12 PM Wed 24 Feb 10 UTC
    Private WeBeLoS (no stabs) binding diplomacy.
    2 days /phase
    Pot: 140 D - Spring, 1914, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Russia
    Red Squirrel (856D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 17 units
    Turkey
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 17 units
    Italy
    DerekHarland (757D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    France
    Timur (684D(B))
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Germany
    Puddle (428D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    England
    jasoncollins (186D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Austria
    wydend (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    DerekHarland (757D)Italy (Autumn, 1912) with 1 centres.
    Finished: 03 AM Fri 29 Jan 10 UTC
    Featured high stakes gambling!
    1 day, 12 hours /phase
    Pot: 1050 D - Spring, 1911, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Turkey
    vexlord (231D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    England
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Russia
    superchunk (4890D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 9 units
    France
    BESM (18622D)
    Drawn. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    Italy
    Morandini (137D)
    Defeated. Bet: 150D
    Germany
    mastermind98 (250D)
    Defeated. Bet: 150D
    Austria
    diplomat1889 (372D)
    Defeated. Bet: 150D
    Civil Disorders
    diplomat1889 (372D)Austria (Autumn, 1908) with 0 centres.
    mastermind98 (250D)Germany (Autumn, 1906) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 03 PM Mon 07 Dec 09 UTC
    Back in the Race we Go!
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Spring, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    England
    pashpash (181D)
    Drawn. 13 supply-centers, 13 units
    Turkey
    wydend (0DX)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Austria
    ChaosNinji (203D)
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    France
    Drawn. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Italy
    GoonerChris (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Germany
    Sayyid (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Russia
    Ben Dewey (205D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Ben Dewey (205D)Russia (Spring, 1905) with 2 centres.
    GoonerChris (100D)Italy (Spring, 1906) with 1 centres.
    Sayyid (100D)Germany (Autumn, 1908) with 0 centres.

    1