“There is only one tactical principle which is not subject to change. It is to use the means at hand to inflict the maximum amount of wound, death, and destruction on the enemy in the minimum amount of time.” – General George S. Patton Jr.

grahamso1

Profile Information

  • Last visited: 25 Jan 23 UTC
  • Joined: 01 Mar 13 UTC


Ranking Info Help

    PointsD:
  • Available: 913
  • In play: 0
  • Total: 913
  • Ghost Rating Overall:
  • Rating: 159
  • Peak: 176
  • Position: 1,890
  • Ghost Rating Gunboat:
  • Rating: 131
  • Peak: 154
  • Position: 261
  • Ghost Rating Full Press:
  • Rating: 94
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 13,665


Game Stats
  • All Game stats:
  • Game messages: 724

  • Won: 15 ( 9% )
  • Drawn: 67 ( 42% )
  • Survived: 28 ( 17% )
  • Defeated: 51 ( 32% )
  • Total (finished): 161

  • Civil disorder: 1
  • Civil disorders taken over: 8
  • Classic:
  • Won: 8 ( 10% )
  • Drawn: 28 ( 35% )
  • Survived: 21 ( 26% )
  • Defeated: 23 ( 29% )
  • Total (finished): 80
  • Classic Press:
  • Drawn: 1 ( 50% )
  • Defeated: 1 ( 50% )
  • Total (finished): 2
  • Classic Gunboat:
  • Won: 8 ( 10% )
  • Drawn: 27 ( 35% )
  • Survived: 21 ( 27% )
  • Defeated: 22 ( 28% )
  • Total (finished): 78
  • Classic Ranked:
  • Won: 8 ( 10% )
  • Drawn: 28 ( 35% )
  • Survived: 21 ( 26% )
  • Defeated: 23 ( 29% )
  • Total (finished): 80
  • Variant stats:
  • Won: 6 ( 8% )
  • Drawn: 38 ( 48% )
  • Survived: 7 ( 9% )
  • Defeated: 28 ( 35% )
  • Total (finished): 79


Reliability Rating: 100%

Reliability Explained:

What is Reliability?

Reliability is how consistently you avoid interrupting games. Any un-excused missed turns hurt your rating. If you have any un-excused missed turns in the last 4 weeks you will receive an 11% penalty to your RR for each of those delays. It is very important to everyone you are playing with to be reliable but we understand mistakes happen so this extra penalty will drop to 5% after 28 days. All of the un-excused missed turns that negatively impact your rating are highlighted in red below. Excused delays will only negatively impact your base score, seen below. Mod excused delays do not hurt your score in any way.

Live Game: If a game had phases 60 minutes long or less any excused missed turns will only impact your rating for 28 days total. The penalty is the same, 5% long term and 6% short term, except the long term penalty is for 28 days and the short term is for 7 days.
System Excused: If you had an "excused missed turn" left this will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Mod Excused: If a moderator excused the missed turn this field will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Same Period Excused: If you have multiple un-excused missed turns in a 24 hour period you are only penalized once with the exception of live games, if this field is yes it will not cause additional penalties against your rating.

What happens if my rating is low?

Many games are made with a minimum rating requirement so this may impact the quality of games you can enter. If you have more then 3 non-live un-excused missed turns in a year you will begin getting temporarily banned from making new games, joining existing games, or rejoining your own games.

  • 1-3 un-excused delays: warnings
  • 4 un-excused delays: 1-day temp ban
  • 5 un-excused delays: 3-day temp ban
  • 6 un-excused delays: 7-day temp ban
  • 7 un-excused delays: 14-day temp ban
  • 8 un-excused delays: 30-day temp ban
  • 9 or more un-excused delays: infinite, must contact mods for removal
  • Live game excused turns are penalized independently for temporary bans. 1-2 un-excused missed turns in live games will be a warning, and the 3rd, and any after that will result in a 24 hour temp ban. The 2 warnings reset every 28 days resulting in significantly more yearly warnings for live game players then the normal system.


    User relationships

    User relationships serve two purposes:

    • 1. Allow users who have a relationship outside of the server to disclose and register the relationship.

      This lets other players account for possible bias in-game, lets players set their games to exclude close relationships between players, and helps the moderator team ignore otherwise suspicious usage patterns (e.g. a family / school using the same computer / network).
    • 2. Give users a way to register a suspicion that two or more users may have an undisclosed relationship, based on in-game behavior.

      This gives the suspected user a chance to explain before needing moderators, allows users to exclude suspected-cheaters from their games, gives an extra mechanism to help moderators identify cheaters by taking the suspicions of many users together, provides a single place where a suspicion can be discussed directly, and allows repeat offenders to be tracked across new accounts and excluded without requiring bans.

    No relationship links

    Verified Relationships

    No verified relationships exist for this user.

    Unverified Relationships

    No unverified relationships exist for this user.


    Ghost Rating Overall Trending

    grahamso1's games

    Showing results 1 to 20 of 161 total results.

    1
    ...
    Sort By:
    Finished: 12 AM Mon 12 Dec 22 UTC
    It’s a Med Work After All
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 505 D - Autumn, 12, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Greece
    sweetwatersam (1753D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Carthage
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Rome
    dagabs0 (33299D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Persia
    Kallen (1157D)
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    Egypt
    Strauss (1872D)
    Defeated. Bet: 101D
    Finished: 10 PM Fri 06 Jan 23 UTC
    world war 4-7
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Spring, 2009, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Egypt
    10321027 (888D)
    Drawn. 27 supply-centers, 27 units
    Britain
    DungDefender (100D)
    Drawn. 23 supply-centers, 23 units
    Spain
    dom.ita (48D)
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    France
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Germany
    tritone (95D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Italy
    Beaumont (569D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Poland
    Rooinek (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Russia
    Omphalos (1463D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Turkey
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Ukraine
    Redesdale (5080D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Strauss (1872D)Britain (Autumn, 2002) with 14 centres.
    Larsi205 (100D)Germany (Autumn, 2004) with 6 centres.
    Lord Farquard (65D)Egypt (Spring, 2008) with 29 centres.
    Ima (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1997) with 3 centres.
    Aeger (100D)Poland (Autumn, 1997) with 7 centres.
    Finished: 03 AM Sun 23 Jan 22 UTC
    Speedboat Ancient Med
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 25 D - Autumn, 7, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    2 excused missed turn
    Game won by grahamso1 (913D)
    Greece
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Won. 20 supply-centers, 17 units
    Carthage
    Survived. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    Rome
    csullie (101D)
    Survived. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Egypt
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 4 units
    Persia
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Finished: 10 PM Sat 22 Jan 22 UTC
    Ancient Medboat 22-1
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 200 D - Autumn, 8, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Carthage
    dagabs0 (33299D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Greece
    Randomizer (722D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Egypt
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Persia
    Atrahasis (126D)
    Defeated. Bet: 40D
    Rome
    Warpathwilly (427D)
    Defeated. Bet: 40D
    Finished: 12 PM Fri 11 Mar 22 UTC
    Ipswich - 26
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 200 D - Spring, 2028, Finished
    Fall of the American Empire IV, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Florida
    Drawn. 29 supply-centers, 28 units
    New-York
    Marshal_Law (1450D)
    Drawn. 20 supply-centers, 20 units
    British-Columbia
    GalahadIII (5001D)
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 9 units
    California
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Heartland
    dagabs0 (33299D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Mexico
    Warpathwilly (427D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Peru
    De Wimp (845D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Quebec
    sweetwatersam (1753D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Texas
    Aranith (605D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Cuba
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    cormorant (1215D)Peru (Autumn, 2020) with 2 centres.
    kameru (100D)Mexico (Autumn, 2010) with 2 centres.
    ShankaDaWanka (221D)British-Columbia (Autumn, 2023) with 11 centres.
    Finished: 02 AM Fri 07 Jan 22 UTC
    Ipswich - 25
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 100 D - Spring, 12, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Rome
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 17 units
    Persia
    Ginge86 (0DX)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Egypt
    Warpathwilly (427D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Carthage
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Greece
    Marshal_Law (1450D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    y2kjbk (4846D(G))Persia (Spring, 1) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 03 PM Tue 15 Feb 22 UTC
    Ipswich - 24
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 200 D - Autumn, 2017, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Ukraine
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Drawn. 31 supply-centers, 30 units
    Spain
    dagabs0 (33299D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 15 units
    Poland
    GalahadIII (5001D)
    Drawn. 16 supply-centers, 16 units
    Britain
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Egypt
    sweetwatersam (1753D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    France
    Kobuden (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Germany
    Janis (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Italy
    Atrahasis (126D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Russia
    Aranith (605D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Turkey
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    Chenguang (227D)Italy (Spring, 2006) with 1 centres.
    bergmaniski (100D)Poland (Autumn, 1998) with 8 centres.
    Blobulon (100D)Germany (Autumn, 1999) with 2 centres.
    Finished: 07 AM Thu 13 Jan 22 UTC
    Ipswich - 22
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 140 D - Spring, 1914, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Italy
    Nikkanokka (127D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Austria
    Amwidkle (5373D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Germany
    Aranith (605D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    England
    BenK (1345D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    France
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Turkey
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Russia
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    scrodz (700D)Germany (Autumn, 1901) with 5 centres.
    Finished: 06 AM Sun 12 Dec 21 UTC
    Ipswich - 23
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 200 D - Autumn, 2011, Finished
    Fall of the American Empire IV, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    British-Columbia
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Drawn. 20 supply-centers, 19 units
    Cuba
    GinoKay (249D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 15 units
    Quebec
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Florida
    GalahadIII (5001D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 11 units
    California
    xiaoyequ (206D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Heartland
    Ursa (1617D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Mexico
    Marshal_Law (1450D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    New-York
    Werner (774D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Peru
    wilk0260 (605D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Texas
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    CNNUNCUTNAN (323D)Florida (Spring, 2005) with 11 centres.
    Tplattapus (100D)California (Autumn, 2001) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 09 PM Thu 28 Oct 21 UTC
    Ipswich - 21
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 100 D - Autumn, 9, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by dudedudelar (164D)
    Rome
    dudedudelar (164D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 14 units
    Egypt
    Survived. 8 supply-centers, 9 units
    Persia
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Survived. 8 supply-centers, 9 units
    Carthage
    Randomizer (722D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Greece
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Finished: 11 AM Wed 03 Nov 21 UTC
    Gunboat-1070
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 105 D - Autumn, 1908, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    0 excused missed turn
    Game won by fairplay (1333D)
    France
    fairplay (1333D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 15 units
    Turkey
    xiaoyequ (206D)
    Survived. 8 supply-centers, 7 units
    Russia
    VanCess (100D)
    Survived. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Italy
    durst (181D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 4 units
    England
    StephensKing (111D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Germany
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 15D
    Austria
    Theoneandonly (12898D)
    Defeated. Bet: 15D
    Civil Disorders
    GioLeo (100D)England (Autumn, 1906) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 04 AM Thu 18 Nov 21 UTC
    Had an old gold Chevy and a Place of my Own
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 707 D - Spring, 1917, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Austria
    The Czech (40606D(S))
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    England
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    France
    sweetwatersam (1753D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Italy
    dagabs0 (33299D)
    Defeated. Bet: 101D
    Germany
    chickadee (2262D)
    Defeated. Bet: 101D
    Turkey
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 101D
    Russia
    LeonWalras (865D)
    Defeated. Bet: 101D
    Finished: 02 PM Sat 18 Sep 21 UTC
    Faith
    1 day, 12 hours /phase
    Pot: 357 D - Autumn, 1919, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    2 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Turkey
    racman (541D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 17 units
    Germany
    BillDungeon (786D)
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 15 units
    France
    90kicvesb (4389D)
    Drawn. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    England
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 51D
    Italy
    Defeated. Bet: 51D
    Austria
    Tjappator (396D)
    Defeated. Bet: 51D
    Russia
    Cure (569D)
    Defeated. Bet: 51D
    Finished: 08 PM Sat 18 Sep 21 UTC
    Ancient Med Gunboat-26
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 375 D - Spring, 29, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Rome
    swordsman3003 (14058D(G))
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Persia
    dagabs0 (33299D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Egypt
    sweetwatersam (1753D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Carthage
    czechveck (311D)
    Drawn. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Greece
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 75D
    Finished: 06 PM Sat 31 Jul 21 UTC
    High reliability gunboat SOS-5
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Autumn, 1911, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by yolo5 (1859D)
    France
    yolo5 (1859D)
    Won. 20 supply-centers, 16 units
    Austria
    Survived. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Turkey
    Olek (485D)
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Italy
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 3 units
    Russia
    FxFocus (70D)
    Survived. 1 supply-centers, 2 units
    Germany
    Mark Murray (879D(B))
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    England
    Flarence (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Finished: 04 PM Sun 10 Oct 21 UTC
    Gunboaty McAmericaface
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 360 D - Spring, 2023, Finished
    Fall of the American Empire IV, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    New-York
    quarryman (5466D)
    Drawn. 29 supply-centers, 27 units
    Peru
    Drawn. 18 supply-centers, 18 units
    Cuba
    wilk0260 (605D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    British-Columbia
    firefluxx (113D)
    Defeated. Bet: 36D
    California
    Bakaron (318D)
    Defeated. Bet: 36D
    Florida
    cormorant (1215D)
    Defeated. Bet: 36D
    Heartland
    90kicvesb (4389D)
    Defeated. Bet: 36D
    Mexico
    Romans1029 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 36D
    Quebec
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 36D
    Texas
    dagabs0 (33299D)
    Defeated. Bet: 36D
    Civil Disorders
    Romans1029 (100D)Mexico (Autumn, 2005) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 10 PM Fri 03 Sep 21 UTC
    Silence Of The Lands 1
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Autumn, 2009, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    0 excused missed turn
    Game won by Pimpim (794D)
    Italy
    Pimpim (794D)
    Won. 34 supply-centers, 30 units
    Spain
    Survived. 9 supply-centers, 10 units
    Russia
    Nonagon82 (130D)
    Survived. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Turkey
    Redesdale (5080D)
    Survived. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    Poland
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Germany
    Olek (485D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    Ukraine
    chaos king (113D)
    Survived. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    Egypt
    jj337 (100D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Britain
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    France
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    MakTub (1801D)Poland (Spring, 2004) with 7 centres.
    Bakaron (318D)Russia (Autumn, 1997) with 4 centres.
    Garagenpunk (322D)Turkey (Autumn, 2004) with 12 centres.
    Flarence (100D)Egypt (Autumn, 2006) with 6 centres.
    Michkov (100D)Britain (Spring, 1999) with 5 centres.
    Meg O'Longdong (100D)Russia (Autumn, 2003) with 4 centres.
    Finished: 07 PM Wed 18 Aug 21 UTC
    No Chat Modern
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Autumn, 2007, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    0 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Poland
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Drawn. 25 supply-centers, 25 units
    Ukraine
    Drawn. 25 supply-centers, 24 units
    Spain
    Olek (485D)
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    Britain
    Flarence (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Egypt
    CNNUNCUTNAN (323D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    France
    Aristocrat (2053D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Germany
    USWarEagle (104D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Italy
    Test_env (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Russia
    Utom (691D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Turkey
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Macchiavelli (2856D)Germany (Autumn, 1999) with 7 centres.
    Bakaron (318D)Italy (Spring, 2004) with 6 centres.
    Finished: 04 PM Thu 09 Sep 21 UTC
    Silenzio!
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Autumn, 2006, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Ukraine
    Drawn. 19 supply-centers, 19 units
    Britain
    Aristocrat (2053D)
    Drawn. 18 supply-centers, 18 units
    Spain
    Dealmaker (141D)
    Drawn. 18 supply-centers, 18 units
    Turkey
    Olek (485D)
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 9 units
    Egypt
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    France
    Bakaron (318D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Germany
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Italy
    Knute (317D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Poland
    yerp0 (105D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Russia
    Flarence (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Jag1610 (100D)Ukraine (Spring, 2002) with 15 centres.
    Finished: 08 AM Wed 04 Aug 21 UTC
    Doubt
    1 day, 12 hours /phase
    Pot: 182 D - Autumn, 1912, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Austria
    grahamso1 (913D)
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 12 units
    Italy
    Cure (569D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 12 units
    Germany
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Russia
    yolo5 (1859D)
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 2 units
    England
    dumptruck (1277D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    France
    Knute (317D)
    Defeated. Bet: 26D
    Turkey
    Flarence (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 26D
    Civil Disorders
    Fulgrim (100D)England (Spring, 1901) with 3 centres.

    1
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