This is a tough issue. I think that joint wins should be limited to 4 powers. You might think the limit should be 3, but if there is an alliance of 3, the logical way to counter would be with another triple alliance, leaving someone as a mercenary, who will probably join one of the alliances, making it 3 on 4.
But any reasons to increase the supply centers needed over 18 are pointless. If the alliance is devoted enough to share a victory, then they will be devoted enough to not stab each other. Then they can dominate the rest of the board with a majority of the supply centers and fight amongst themselves after everyone else is gone.
So either they share a victory, or only one of them wins. It doesn't change anything for anyone outside the alliance.
Should shared victories be based off supply centers? If they are, a weaker player would want to start stabbing before they get the 18, otherwise he will get minuscule for points. So the game either ends with the weakest player getting weakly rewarded, or the weaker player will start stabbing, thus prolonging the game. If allied victories are scored independently of supply centers, how would it be scored? I say each player in the alliance should get points based off how big the alliance is. An alliance of 3 gets 1/3 of an individual victory, and an alliance of 2 gets 1/2 an individual victory. In this case, a weaker player has no reason not to accept the allied victory. The larger players in the alliance have a reason to kill off the weaker players, though. Their gains would increase from 1/3 to 1/2. After all, Diplomacy is about betrayal, right?
And draws... The rules say that all remaining players share the draw equally. So if all players agree to a draw, they agree that all survivors deserve to be a part of this draw.
However, I think at least two players, if not three, has to be eliminated and it has to go for about 10 rounds until there can be draws.
I don't know whether or not draws should be shared equally. If draws are based off remaining supply centers, killing off a weak player and getting his supply centers would increase a person's gain. Thus, there would be no reason not to go after a weak player before drawing. Unless you think you will be owned by other players, since they also have a reason to keep fighting. The only person who would currently desire a draw would be someone who is on the brink of death in that case.
But if the value of draws was based off how many powers are left, what would change? Two people remaining is worth 1/2, three remaining would be worth 1/3, etc... So killing off a weaker nation before declaring a draw still increases your gain, but killing off that player also increases everyone else's gain. Would other people still attack you? Eliminating you will also increase their gains. The fighting will probably continue until the increased gain would no longer be worth the time or until all unworthy players have lost.
So how should this be implemented? Well, I think the options should be set before the game is created. When you start a new game, it should ask how many players should be allowed in an allied win, from one to four(one being no allied victories), and how many players should be allowed in a draw, from 1 to 5(one again being no draws), and perhaps in what year draws can be declared.
In game, there should be boxes for declaring up to three powers you are declaring allied victory with. At the end of the turn, this list is submitted and, if the sum of these players' and your supply centers is 18 or more, it sends everyone in your boxes a proposal that they can answer with acceptance or refusal, and you are also given another chance to confirm this allied victory now that you have seen what moves they made. Everyone answers the proposal with acceptance or refusal, and the answer is submitted at the end of the turn. If someone refuses, they are removed from the alliance and the total supply centers are recalculated, and if it is still over 18 all the players who accepted get an equal piece of the allied victory.
Additionally, there will be a button or box or something for declaring a draw. If all the conditions are met for draws to be legal(players left, year reached), it sends all players a proposal, and the game ends in an equal draw if all players accept. Otherwise the game continues.
I don't want to hear anyone say "tl;dr". I demand respect for the time I spend typing this up =(