Well Zach, I think it's perhaps better explained by suggesting that the natural forces we observe, gravitational, electrical & magnetic are universal within our cosmos, that matter, eg the elements & sub atomic particles, are universal within our cosmos. And that mathematics, physics and chemistry are extremely useful tools to describe and understand these forces, and matter. So I think it follows that intelligent extra terrestrial species might well develop their own similar tools to help them understand forces and matter. Their path to understanding would I suggest be similar to ours..including the creation of Gods and deities as a crude tool for explanation prior to the development of better tools such as mathematics.
If there is a place for a theological component to the discussion of mathematics, then it's in the context of theologies being the crude tools that humans first used in their ignorance, and that mathematics is clearly a far superior tool, and one part of a set of complementary tools ( eg physics, chemistry ) that are superseding primitive religious belief systems.