I am a Canadian and here the healthcare is a public setup. There are no private doctors in Canada. (however there has been discussion of this recently)
There huge benefits in this:
1. Emergency rooms are for emergencies, you don't get billed for it. This includes walk-in clinics. Walk in clinics are for when you think you may have broken a bone or whatever and just want to see a doctor about it.
2. Provincial healthcare pays for everything deemed 'necessary' this covers stitches to glasses to braces. This also pays for many vaccinations, ie tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, rubella hep.b. However, it does not pay for all vaccinations. (the flu shot is not covered), or cosmetic surgery, but that's fine by me.
3. Prescription medicine is also paid for. A friend of mine had a kidney transplant and all of his medicine was paid for; and he had more medicine to take than I had ever seen one person carry before.
But it also has a couple of disadvantages:
1. Wait times. A typical emergency room wait time can be many hours. When I cracked my skull open I believe I had a 6-8 hour wait time sitting at the hospital. However, when I did receive care it was good.
Surgery wait times can be around 6 months to a year, which isn't bad if its a benign tumor but can be rather problematic when it something rather painful, like a broken hip. Since there are no private practices in Canada, you can't pay to get the job done sooner either.
2. Medical job market. Canada trains many doctors, however the pay in Canada for doctors is much lower than the pay in the united states since it is privatized. As such, the hospitals in Canada are all understaffed.
3. Taxes. Since its a public system the taxes here pay for it. Taxes in Canada are much higher than in the states.
My personal opinion is that the health care here is great. I am able to see the optometrist and the dentist yearly / bi-yearly without having it cost me anything. More importantly, when I go skiing I don't have to worry about any kind of insurance company in the case where I break my legs.