"The eastern provinces have some differing industrial characteristics which are also important for our full understanding of the impact of class on Dutch voting patterns. The northern provinces in the east, most importantly Groningen, has suffered much due to economic restructuring. Groningen province, and specifically the city of Groningen itself has the highest unemployment rate in the Netherlands. The provinces of Groningen and Drenthe are "post-industrialized" zones where the majority of employment does remain in the industrial sectors rather than in raw materials or services sectors, but a large number of people are out of work. We may meaningfully contrast these provinces with some of the other provinces in the eastern part of the country. The province of Friesland, also in the northeast part of the country, is largely comparable to Groningen and Drenthe in terms of unemployment, but is more involved in the raw materials sector and in industrial sectors closely related to the raw materials sector (in other words, in the Frisian context, agribusiness.) The remainder of the eastern provinces, most importantly Limburg but also to some extent Gelderland and North Brabant, are provinces where industry is still very profitable and employment is high (de Pater et al. 1989; Grote Bosatlas 2000).
We might properly classify this eastern part of the Netherlands by means of two classifications - in the northern part of the zone we have what amounts to the Netherlands' "periphery", a zone of deindustrialization or primary production, associated with economic deprivation; in the southern part of the zone, we have the industrial backbone of the country, located strategically near the ports of the western Netherlands and the delta, the Rhine-Waal-Maas area, and the Rhine-Ruhr industrial megalopolis in western Germany. "
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