@ND, economic retaliation is exactly what i would expect. Maybe a but of tit-for-tat strategy coming into play, and the global economy shrinking a little bit (at least in certain industries) - if the sanctions (and retaliation) were targeted at specific polluting industries (i just suggested beef because it is probably the most polluting meat source, but i'm not an expert on this issie, so that is a guess); we could actually see giant leaps in greenhouse gas reductions.
Alas, i suspect goldfinger is right, the fact that OPEC still sells all oil in USD making the USD the world's reserve currency, not only makes printing USD (which only Congress can do, through whatever private banking system it uses) less inflationary - because there is always demand for a safe currency to invest in (and safety is the whole point of buildin up a reserve). It also means none of those countries using the USD want to see the US economy fail to grow (can't have the US fail to pay off their debts..).
Again, hitting something (comparatively) small, but targetted, like beef, would he an excellent start. It would also negin to decouple the food industry, making individual regions more secure in their food sources.
I guess it will take more than the Paris agreements to push world leaders to punish the US; they might be smart to quietly sell of their USD before oil become an insignifigant source of energy (if we have already hit peak oil, then the decrease in volume sold globally will - probably in the next 50 year - quietly drop off the map).
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Covfefe
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