Both World Wars, all of them, from pre-war to the peace treaties, are fascinating... although as a Jew (and I'd hope ANYONE) would find the six million lost to the Camps more horrifying than fascinating... and The Armenian Genocide (who agrees Turkey should jsut fess up already, that's terrible to deny such a thing), let's not forget those poor souls... :/
I am a GREAT fan of Napoleon... fascinating man, brilliant tactician, beloved by his men, welcomed back by his country after exile (ANYTHING was better than their decadent monarchy), and one of the few conquerors who was kind to the Jews- he got them out of the ghettoes of France and much of Western Europe... many Jews were so thankful they named their kids after him... great man.
And so, as much as I love him, I must make the following claim:
Waterloo was the single most important battle of the Age of European Empires (going from mid 1500's-1914.)
The OUTCOME... Napoleon broken was HUGE. Think of all it did... and DIDN'T DO:
+England, now without its main nemesis, grew to the greatest naval empire ever, and so powerful she might've controlled the world more than any other empire ever, at least for her time (Alexander and the Romans controlled their "world" as they knew it, and America today might entr into that discussion... there's a side question: Alexander, Rome, the Victorian English, America today- who most dominated their "world" in their time?) That led to so much... her power in the World Wars, and then when her empire fractured, the mess it left in the Middle East and in Asia as well...
+France had to take a step back and has NEVER regained the prominance it had around, say, Austerlitz, where Napoleon was on top of his game and defeated three enemy nations at once. This has had large reprecussions, both on and off the battlefield... French Existentialism might have gaine greater exposure and recognition before WWII had the country been stronger, and perhaps Sartre and Camus would not have lost out as often as they did to Russell and Wittgenstein and analytic philosophy... a strong France (perhaps, to be fair, a STRONGER France) in 1914 might've changed the outcome of WWI- had it even occured, bringing me to....
-Had Napoleon won Waterloo, the world would undoubtedly be a much different place, because all of Europe would have changed. Even if after Waterloo Napoleon stopped, and decided to just play it safe, even for a while, and consolidate his empire, the fact is Napoleonic France might've survived. The monarchy wouldn't returned and put France in such a mess. Germany might not be what it was in 1914, or today- defeating Napoleon really brought the Prussian states together (I should say it was ONE thing that brought them together, but undeniably a big thing.) Had Napoleon's France survived, Bismark's Germany may never have risen, at least not that powerfully with such a dominating neighbor... the writings of Nietzsche might never have taken plae, or if they did, might not have had a large audience, and a 20th Century with a weaker Germany and stronger France could have changed so much... it's simply insane how much could have been different...
-With Napoleon around, the Middle East might've been handled differently. England would likely have still had a large share of it, even the lion's share, but France most definitely would've had a bit more with strong Napoleonic leadership. But what's more strinking is how the region might've been handled after the (probably inevitable) breakup of empires in that region. Napoleon said at least once he wanted to create a Jewish state there; whether it was to serve him as an outpost, a genuine feeling of kindness towards the Jews, or simply a means to get some of them out of France (his real motives were likely a mixture of the three) HAD he done such a thing, the impact, needless to say, on what we think of in terms of the region today, would have been enormous. An "Israel" created by Napoleon would likely have been far different than the one the UN set up, because Napoleon would have had different motives and likely have made it somewhat of a vassal state to France; in any case, Napoleon would likely have either set up an Israel that was smaller than what now exists and did not encroach on then-English held Palestine or, if he was in the mood for a fight, could perhaps have taken Palestine itself. In either event, Israel today and the region today could be far more secure- if the first option was to have happened, Israel and Palestine might have co-existed peacefully, and the region might have at least that settled today; if the second one was the case, an Israel that survived to this day and had been around for such a period of time would likely be more firm and not in danger, as it is unlikely it would've been wiped off the map had Napoleon established it, as no great explosives or WMDs existed in those days. And to throw one more "what if?" in there- consider tha mass emmigration from Russia and the East the Jews had around the turn of the 20th Century... many went to AMERICA or GERMANY. If an Israel existed then... could Einstein, the Three Stooges, the Marx Brothers, David Ben Gurion... could all of them have been born in Israel? The Middle East, the WORLD would be VERY different...
-America... how much different would WE BE? Think about it- America had a love/hate relationship with France, but got along with Napoleon reasonably well (due in no small part to the fact he kept the then-hostile English at bay and sold us the Louisiana Purchase.) Had that continued... could we be great friends with the French today and have a profoundly French influence and see the English as stuffed up and irritating today, instead of the other way around? But even larger... think of the World Wars- THAT's where America became what it is today. Theodore Roosevelt, from winning at San Jaun Hill to his great presidency, certainly started it going and created modern America to a great extent, but we weren't the world power and then superpower we have been for nearly a century now before the World Wars. With Napoleon controlling Western Europe, England at bay, and Germany weak or never formed, who's to say America would ever become more than a country fixed inward and isolationist, not a bug to be squashed but not a great world-layer either?
Waterloo- had it gone the other way, who knows...
Other "what-if" battles ( I LOVE those):
-Pompeii vs. Caesar: I don't even have to mention how THAT might've altered history...
-Attila the Hun in 451: If the Romans and Goths didn't stop him crushing the West...
-Charlemegne vs. the Muslims: Again, pretty self explanatory...
-Washington Crossing the Delware: Would the US of A never have come about?
-Trafalgar: I'm sure the English still get teary-eyed over this one...
-D-Day: WOW...
Discuss? ;)