1) I/T. Italy is begging Turkey for mercy. Italy's weak points are naval so Austria or Russia make much safer allies. Turkey can expand more explosively and Italy sailing west can be a deathtrap. 2) I/R. Best alliance for both, just don't let A/T know early as they can fight off the 2v2. Weak early ...

I think it's rather weak really. It loses to a good A/I 2v2 while requiring more trust than A/I. The black sea is the most troublesome space for an alliance to deal with in the game imo. Italy makes a better long-term partner for Russia and I think all southern powers are better served by digging ou...