Orders - webDiplomacy

The fleet at Neapolis move to Tyrrhenean Sea.
The army at Etruria move to Roma.
The army at Venetia support hold to Rhaetia. (fail)
The army at Rhaetia support hold to Venetia.
The fleet at Sicilia support move to Tyrrhenean Sea from Neapolis.
The fleet at Sardinia support move to Tyrrhenean Sea from Neapolis. (fail) (dislodged)

Retreats

The fleet at Sardinia retreat to Ligurian Sea.

Autumn, 7 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Berber Sea move to Saguntum.
The army at Phazania move to Cirta.
The fleet at Punic Sea move to Carthage. (fail)
The fleet at Tyrrhenean Sea move to Roma. (fail)
The army at Cirta move to Thapsus.
The fleet at Numidia support move to Thapsus from Cirta.

Unit-placement

Build fleet at Carthage.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Jerusalem hold.
The army at Cyrene hold.
The army at Thebes move to Sinai.
The fleet at Messenian Sea move to Sparta. (fail)
The fleet at Sparta move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The fleet at Gulf of Pelusium support hold to Jerusalem.
The army at Petra support hold to Jerusalem.
The fleet at Alexandria support hold to Gulf of Pelusium.

Unit-placement

Destroy the unit at Messenian Sea.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Egyptian Sea hold.
The fleet at Cilician Strait move to Egyptian Sea. (fail)
The army at Sarmatia move to Rhaetia. (fail)
The fleet at Minoan Sea move to Aegean Sea.
The fleet at Athens move to Ionian Sea.
The army at Macedonia move to Athens.
The army at Tyre move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The army at Dalmatia support hold to Vindobona.
The fleet at Crete support move to Aegean Sea from Minoan Sea.
The army at Arabia support move to Jerusalem from Tyre.
The fleet at Syrian Sea support move to Jerusalem from Tyre.
The army at Vindobona support move to Rhaetia from Sarmatia.
The army at Epirus support move to Athens from Macedonia.

Unit-placement

Build army at Sidon.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Sicilia hold.
The fleet at Apulia move to Neapolis.
The army at Etruria move to Roma. (fail)
The fleet at Sardinia move to Punic Sea. (fail)
The army at Thapsus move to Carthage. (fail) (dislodged)
The army at Venetia support hold to Rhaetia.
The army at Rhaetia support hold to Venetia. (fail)

Retreats

The army at Thapsus disband.

Spring, 7 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Carthage move to Berber Sea.
The army at Marmarica move to Phazania.
The fleet at Punic Sea move to Sardinia. (fail)
The fleet at Sicilia move to Tyrrhenean Sea.
The army at Numidia move to Cirta.
The fleet at Leptis move to Numidia.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Jerusalem hold.
The army at Cyrene hold.
The army at Memphis move to Thebes.
The fleet at Crete move to Egyptian Sea. (fail) (dislodged)
The fleet at Sparta move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The fleet at Gulf of Pelusium support hold to Jerusalem. (fail)
The fleet at Alexandria support hold to Gulf of Pelusium.
The army at Petra support hold to Jerusalem.

Retreats

The fleet at Crete retreat to Messenian Sea.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Egyptian Sea move to Gulf of Pelusium. (fail)
The army at Chersonesus move to Sarmatia.
The fleet at Cilician Strait move to Egyptian Sea. (fail)
The fleet at Aegean Sea move to Crete.
The army at Dalmatia move to Venetia. (fail)
The army at Tyre move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The army at Macedonia move to Athens. (fail)
The fleet at Athens move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The army at Arabia support move to Jerusalem from Tyre.
The fleet at Syrian Sea support move to Gulf of Pelusium from Egyptian Sea.
The army at Vindobona support move to Venetia from Dalmatia.
The fleet at Minoan Sea support move to Crete from Aegean Sea.
The army at Epirus support move to Athens from Macedonia.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Ravenna move to Apulia.
The fleet at Neapolis move to Sicilia.
The army at Roma move to Etruria.
The fleet at Sardinia move to Punic Sea. (fail)
The army at Cirta move to Thapsus.
The army at Venetia support hold to Rhaetia. (fail)
The army at Rhaetia support hold to Venetia.

Autumn, 6 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Sicilia hold.
The fleet at Leptis hold.
The army at Memphis move to Marmarica.
The fleet at Thapsus move to Punic Sea.
The army at Phazania move to Numidia.

Unit-placement

Build fleet at Carthage.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Sinai move to Jerusalem.
The army at Alexandria move to Memphis.
The fleet at Egyptian Sea move to Syrian Sea. (fail) (dislodged)
The fleet at Sparta move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The fleet at Gulf of Pelusium support move to Jerusalem from Sinai.
The fleet at Crete support move to Aegean Sea from Sparta.
The army at Petra support move to Jerusalem from Sinai.
The army at Cyrene support move to Memphis from Alexandria.

Retreats

The fleet at Egyptian Sea retreat to Alexandria.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Vindobona hold.
The army at Jerusalem hold. (dislodged)
The army at Epirus hold.
The fleet at Cyprus move to Egyptian Sea.
The army at Armenia move to Chersonesus.
The fleet at Aegean Sea move to Sparta. (fail)
The army at Byzantium move to Macedonia.
The fleet at Minoan Sea move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The army at Arabia support hold to Jerusalem.
The army at Dalmatia support hold to Vindobona.
The fleet at Syrian Sea support move to Egyptian Sea from Cyprus.
The fleet at Cilician Strait support move to Egyptian Sea from Cyprus.
The fleet at Athens support move to Sparta from Aegean Sea.

Retreats

The army at Jerusalem retreat to Tyre.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Ravenna hold.
The army at Venetia hold.
The army at Rhaetia hold.
The fleet at Neapolis hold.
The army at Roma hold.
The fleet at Sardinia hold.
The army at Cirta hold.

Spring, 6 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Marmarica move to Memphis.
The fleet at Numidia move to Thapsus.
The fleet at Punic Sea move to Sicilia.
The fleet at Gulf of Tacape move to Leptis.
The army at Phazania support move to Leptis from Gulf of Tacape.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Thebes move to Sinai.
The army at Cyrene move to Alexandria.
The fleet at Sparta move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The army at Leptis move to Cyrene.
The fleet at Egyptian Sea support hold to Gulf of Pelusium.
The fleet at Crete support hold to Egyptian Sea.
The fleet at Gulf of Pelusium support move to Sinai from Thebes.
The army at Petra support move to Sinai from Thebes.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Damascus move to Armenia.
The fleet at Sidon move to Cilician Strait.
The army at Sarmatia move to Vindobona.
The fleet at Cilician Strait move to Minoan Sea.
The army at Sinai move to Jerusalem.
The army at Miletus move to Byzantium.
The fleet at Cyprus support hold to Syrian Sea.
The army at Epirus support hold to Dalmatia.
The fleet at Athens support hold to Aegean Sea.
The army at Arabia support move to Jerusalem from Sinai.
The fleet at Syrian Sea support move to Jerusalem from Sinai.
The fleet at Aegean Sea support move to Minoan Sea from Cilician Strait. (fail)
The army at Dalmatia support move to Vindobona from Sarmatia.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Ravenna hold.
The army at Venetia hold.
The army at Rhaetia hold.
The fleet at Neapolis hold.
The army at Roma hold.
The fleet at Sardinia hold.
The army at Cirta hold.

Autumn, 5 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Marmarica move to Leptis. (fail)
The fleet at Thapsus move to Numidia.
The fleet at Punic Sea move to Sicilia. (fail)
The fleet at Ligurian Sea move to Baleares.
The army at Phazania support move to Leptis from Marmarica.
The fleet at Gulf of Tacape support move to Numidia from Thapsus.

Unit-placement

Destroy the unit at Baleares.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Egyptian Sea hold.
The fleet at Sparta hold.
The fleet at Gulf of Pelusium move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The army at Memphis move to Thebes.
The army at Cyrene support hold to Leptis.
The fleet at Crete support hold to Egyptian Sea.
The army at Leptis support hold to Numidia. (fail)
The fleet at Numidia support hold to Leptis. (fail) (dislodged)
The army at Petra support move to Jerusalem from Gulf of Pelusium.

Retreats

The fleet at Numidia disband.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Ionian Sea hold.

Unit-placement

Destroy the unit at Ionian Sea.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Miletus hold.
The fleet at Cyprus move to Egyptian Sea. (fail)
The army at Sarmatia move to Vindobona. (fail)
The fleet at Minoan Sea move to Aegean Sea.
The army at Illyria move to Dalmatia.
The army at Macedonia move to Epirus.
The army at Sinai move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The fleet at Cilician Strait support hold to Syrian Sea.
The fleet at Syrian Sea support move to Egyptian Sea from Cyprus.
The army at Arabia support move to Jerusalem from Sinai.
The fleet at Athens support move to Aegean Sea from Minoan Sea.

Unit-placement

Build army at Damascus.
Build fleet at Sidon.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The army at Roma hold.
The fleet at Sardinia hold.
The army at Ravenna move to Venetia.
The army at Rhaetia move to Vindobona. (fail)
The fleet at Neapolis move to Sicilia. (fail)
The army at Mauretania move to Cirta.

Unit-placement

Build fleet at Ravenna.

Spring, 5 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Bayuda move to Marmarica.
The fleet at Thapsus move to Numidia. (fail)
The fleet at Sicilia move to Punic Sea.
The fleet at Roma move to Ligurian Sea.
The army at Phazania support move to Marmarica from Bayuda.
The fleet at Gulf of Tacape support move to Numidia from Thapsus.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Memphis move to Thebes. (fail)
The fleet at Thebes move to Gulf of Pelusium.
The army at Marmarica move to Memphis. (fail) (dislodged)
The fleet at Sparta move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The army at Petra move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The fleet at Egyptian Sea support hold to Crete. (fail)
The fleet at Crete support hold to Egyptian Sea.
The army at Leptis support hold to Numidia.
The fleet at Numidia support hold to Leptis. (fail)

Retreats

The army at Marmarica retreat to Cyrene.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Ionian Sea hold.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Sidon move to Syrian Sea.
The fleet at Cyprus move to Egyptian Sea. (fail)
The army at Arabia move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The fleet at Minoan Sea move to Aegean Sea. (fail)
The army at Dacia move to Illyria.
The fleet at Miletus move to Cilician Strait.
The army at Sinai move to Thebes. (fail)
The army at Byzantium move to Miletus.
The fleet at Aegean Sea move to Athens.
The army at Sarmatia support move to Illyria from Dacia.
The army at Macedonia support move to Athens from Aegean Sea.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The army at Vindobona move to Rhaetia.
The army at Etruria move to Roma.
The fleet at Berber Sea move to Sardinia.
The army at Saguntum move to Mauretania.
The army at Ravenna support move to Roma from Etruria.
The fleet at Neapolis support move to Roma from Etruria.

Autumn, 4 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Sahara move to Bayuda.
The fleet at Thapsus move to Numidia. (fail)
The fleet at Sicilia move to Neapolis. (fail)
The army at Phazania support move to Numidia from Thapsus. (fail)
The fleet at Gulf of Tacape support move to Numidia from Thapsus.
The fleet at Roma support move to Neapolis from Sicilia. (fail)

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Marmarica move to Phazania. (fail)
The fleet at Messenian Sea move to Sparta.
The army at Petra move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The fleet at Crete support hold to Egyptian Sea.
The army at Leptis support hold to Numidia.
The fleet at Numidia support hold to Leptis. (fail)
The fleet at Egyptian Sea support hold to Crete.

Unit-placement

Build army at Memphis.
Build fleet at Thebes.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Ionian Sea hold.
The fleet at Aegean Sea hold. (dislodged)
The army at Macedonia hold. (dislodged)

Retreats

The fleet at Aegean Sea disband.
The army at Macedonia disband.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Syrian Sea move to Cyprus.
The army at Arabia move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The army at Chersonesus move to Sarmatia.
The fleet at Cilician Strait move to Minoan Sea.
The army at Byzantium move to Macedonia.
The army at Jerusalem move to Sinai.
The army at Galatia move to Byzantium.
The fleet at Minoan Sea move to Aegean Sea.
The army at Dacia support move to Macedonia from Byzantium.
The fleet at Miletus support move to Aegean Sea from Minoan Sea.

Unit-placement

Build fleet at Sidon.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The army at Vindobona hold.
The army at Saguntum hold.
The army at Etruria move to Roma. (fail)
The fleet at Baleares move to Berber Sea.
The fleet at Neapolis support move to Roma from Etruria. (fail)

Unit-placement

Build army at Ravenna.

Spring, 4 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Saguntum hold. (dislodged)
The army at Cirta move to Sahara.
The fleet at Carthage move to Thapsus.
The fleet at Sicilia move to Neapolis. (fail)
The fleet at Thapsus move to Gulf of Tacape.
The army at Phazania support move to Sahara from Cirta.
The fleet at Roma support move to Neapolis from Sicilia. (fail)

Retreats

The army at Saguntum retreat to Mauretania. (fail)

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Numidia hold.
The army at Memphis move to Marmarica.
The fleet at Alexandria move to Egyptian Sea.
The fleet at Egyptian Sea move to Crete.
The fleet at Crete move to Messenian Sea.
The army at Sahara move to Phazania. (fail) (dislodged)
The army at Petra move to Jerusalem. (fail)
The army at Leptis support hold to Numidia.

Retreats

The army at Sahara retreat to Mauretania. (fail)

Greece:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Ionian Sea hold.
The fleet at Aegean Sea hold.
The army at Macedonia hold.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Sidon move to Syrian Sea.
The army at Damascus move to Arabia.
The army at Sinope move to Chersonesus.
The fleet at Cyprus move to Cilician Strait.
The army at Chersonesus move to Dacia.
The army at Jerusalem move to Petra. (fail)
The fleet at Cilician Strait move to Minoan Sea.
The army at Galatia support hold to Byzantium.
The fleet at Miletus support move to Minoan Sea from Cilician Strait.
The army at Byzantium support move to Dacia from Chersonesus.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The army at Venetia move to Vindobona.
The army at Etruria move to Roma. (fail)
The army at Tarraconensis move to Saguntum.
The fleet at Neapolis support move to Roma from Etruria. (fail)
The fleet at Baleares support move to Saguntum from Tarraconensis.

Autumn, 3 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Saguntum hold.
The fleet at Punic Sea move to Sicilia.
The army at Phazania move to Cirta. (fail)
The army at Numidia move to Leptis. (fail) (dislodged)
The fleet at Tyrrhenean Sea move to Roma.
The fleet at Thapsus support hold to Numidia. (fail)

Retreats

The army at Numidia disband.

Unit-placement

Build army at Cirta.
Build fleet at Carthage.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Petra hold.
The army at Sahara move to Cirta. (fail)
The fleet at Libyan Sea move to Crete.
The fleet at Gulf of Tacape move to Numidia.
The fleet at Egyptian Sea support move to Crete from Libyan Sea.
The army at Leptis support move to Numidia from Gulf of Tacape.

Unit-placement

Build army at Memphis.
Build fleet at Alexandria.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The army at Byzantium hold. (dislodged)
The fleet at Ionian Sea hold.
The fleet at Minoan Sea hold.
The army at Dacia hold.
The fleet at Crete hold. (dislodged)

Retreats

The army at Byzantium retreat to Macedonia.
The fleet at Crete retreat to Aegean Sea.

Unit-placement

Destroy the unit at Minoan Sea.
Destroy the unit at Dacia.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Jerusalem hold.
The fleet at Syrian Sea move to Cyprus.
The army at Chersonesus move to Dacia. (fail)
The army at Cappadocia move to Sinope.
The fleet at Cilician Strait move to Miletus.
The army at Miletus move to Byzantium.
The fleet at Cyprus move to Cilician Strait.
The army at Galatia support move to Byzantium from Miletus.

Unit-placement

Build army at Damascus.
Build fleet at Sidon.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Neapolis hold.
The army at Venetia hold.
The army at Etruria hold.
The fleet at Baleares hold.
The army at Epirus hold.
The army at Tarraconensis hold.
The fleet at Ausonian Sea hold.

Unit-placement

Destroy the unit at Epirus.
Destroy the unit at Ausonian Sea.

Spring, 3 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Saguntum hold.
The fleet at Carthage move to Punic Sea.
The army at Cirta move to Phazania.
The fleet at Gulf of Tacape move to Leptis. (fail) (dislodged)
The fleet at Sardinia move to Tyrrhenean Sea.
The army at Numidia support move to Phazania from Cirta.

Retreats

The fleet at Gulf of Tacape retreat to Thapsus.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Egyptian Sea hold.
The army at Petra hold.
The fleet at Gulf of Syrtis move to Gulf of Tacape.
The army at Phazania support hold to Leptis. (fail) (dislodged)
The army at Leptis support hold to Phazania. (fail)
The fleet at Libyan Sea support move to Gulf of Tacape from Gulf of Syrtis.

Retreats

The army at Phazania retreat to Sahara.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The army at Byzantium hold.
The fleet at Ionian Sea move to Neapolis. (fail)
The fleet at Messenian Sea move to Crete.
The army at Dacia support hold to Byzantium.
The fleet at Minoan Sea support move to Crete from Messenian Sea.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Jerusalem hold.
The army at Antioch move to Cappadocia.
The fleet at Sidon move to Syrian Sea.
The army at Armenia move to Chersonesus.
The army at Galatia move to Byzantium. (fail)
The fleet at Cilician Strait support hold to Miletus.
The army at Miletus support move to Byzantium from Galatia.
The fleet at Cyprus support move to Syrian Sea from Sidon.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Neapolis hold.
The army at Ravenna move to Venetia.
The army at Roma move to Etruria.
The army at Dalmatia move to Epirus.
The army at Massilia move to Tarraconensis.
The fleet at Sicilia move to Ausonian Sea.
The fleet at Baleares support move to Tarraconensis from Massilia.

Autumn, 2 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Sardinia hold.
The army at Mauretania move to Saguntum.
The army at Numidia move to Leptis. (fail)
The fleet at Gulf of Tacape support move to Leptis from Numidia.

Unit-placement

Build army at Cirta.
Build fleet at Carthage.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Petra hold.
The army at Marmarica move to Phazania.
The fleet at Egyptian Sea move to Crete. (fail)
The fleet at Alexandria move to Libyan Sea.
The fleet at Gulf of Syrtis support hold to Leptis.
The army at Leptis support move to Phazania from Marmarica. (fail)

Greece:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Minoan Sea move to Miletus. (fail)
The army at Dacia move to Chersonesus. (fail)
The army at Miletus move to Byzantium.
The fleet at Messenian Sea move to Crete. (fail)
The army at Illyria move to Vindobona. (fail)
The fleet at Ionian Sea move to Neapolis. (fail)

Unit-placement

Destroy the unit at Illyria.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Jerusalem hold.
The fleet at Syrian Sea move to Cyprus.
The army at Antioch move to Miletus via convoy.
The army at Armenia move to Chersonesus. (fail)
The army at Galatia support move to Miletus from Antioch.
The fleet at Cilician Strait convoy to Miletus from Antioch.

Unit-placement

Build army at Antioch.
Build fleet at Sidon.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The army at Massilia hold.
The fleet at Ligurian Sea move to Baleares.
The army at Dalmatia move to Vindobona. (fail)
The fleet at Sicilia move to Neapolis. (fail)

Unit-placement

Build army at Ravenna.
Build army at Roma.
Build fleet at Neapolis.

Spring, 2 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Thapsus move to Gulf of Tacape.
The army at Cirta move to Mauretania.
The army at Numidia move to Leptis. (fail)
The fleet at Punic Sea move to Sardinia.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Petra hold.
The army at Leptis hold.
The fleet at Alexandria move to Egyptian Sea.
The fleet at Thebes move to Alexandria.
The army at Memphis move to Marmarica.
The fleet at Cyrene move to Gulf of Syrtis.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The army at Miletus hold.
The army at Macedonia move to Illyria.
The fleet at Athens move to Ionian Sea.
The fleet at Sparta move to Messenian Sea.
The army at Byzantium move to Dacia.
The fleet at Crete move to Minoan Sea.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Jerusalem hold.
The army at Damascus move to Armenia.
The fleet at Antioch move to Cilician Strait.
The army at Sidon move to Antioch.
The army at Sinope move to Galatia.
The fleet at Tyre move to Syrian Sea.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Sicilia hold.
The fleet at Roma move to Ligurian Sea.
The army at Venetia move to Dalmatia.
The army at Etruria move to Massilia.

Autumn, 1 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The army at Carthage move to Cirta.
The fleet at Thapsus move to Punic Sea.
The army at Cirta move to Numidia.

Unit-placement

Build fleet at Thapsus.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Sinai move to Petra.
The army at Marmarica move to Leptis.
The fleet at Cyrene support move to Leptis from Marmarica.

Unit-placement

Build army at Memphis.
Build fleet at Thebes.
Build fleet at Alexandria.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The army at Macedonia move to Byzantium.
The army at Byzantium move to Miletus.
The fleet at Aegean Sea move to Crete.

Unit-placement

Build army at Macedonia.
Build fleet at Sparta.
Build fleet at Athens.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Cappadocia move to Sinope.
The army at Arabia move to Jerusalem.
The fleet at Tyre support move to Jerusalem from Arabia.

Unit-placement

Build army at Sidon.
Build army at Damascus.
Build fleet at Antioch.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The army at Ravenna move to Venetia.
The army at Roma move to Etruria.
The fleet at Neapolis move to Sicilia.

Unit-placement

Build fleet at Roma.

Spring, 1 :

Carthage:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Thapsus hold.
The army at Cirta hold.
The army at Carthage hold.

Egypt:

Diplomacy

The army at Memphis move to Marmarica.
The fleet at Alexandria move to Cyrene.
The army at Thebes move to Sinai.

Greece:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Sparta move to Aegean Sea.
The army at Athens move to Macedonia.
The army at Macedonia move to Byzantium.

Persia:

Diplomacy

The army at Damascus move to Arabia.
The army at Antioch move to Cappadocia.
The fleet at Sidon move to Tyre.

Rome:

Diplomacy

The fleet at Neapolis hold.
The army at Roma hold.
The army at Ravenna hold.