Pancake The Reaper

Profile Information

  • Last visited: 20 Nov 18 UTC
  • Joined: 25 May 17 UTC


Ranking Info Help

    PointsD:
  • Available: 363
  • In play: 0
  • Total: 363
  • Ghost Rating Overall:
  • Rating: 116
  • Peak: 119
  • Position: 7,415
  • Ghost Rating Gunboat:
  • Rating: 85
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 16,883
  • Ghost Rating Live:
  • Rating: 94
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 16,103
  • Ghost Rating Full Press:
  • Rating: 112
  • Peak: 112
  • Position: 4,301
  • Ghost Rating 1v1 Overall:
  • Rating: 116
  • Peak: 116
  • Position: 1,152
  • Ghost Rating FvA:
  • Rating: 116
  • Peak: 116
  • Position: 812


Game Stats
  • All Game stats:
  • Game messages: 1,159

  • Won: 2 ( 6% )
  • Drawn: 12 ( 38% )
  • Survived: 8 ( 25% )
  • Defeated: 10 ( 31% )
  • Total (finished): 32

  • Civil disorder: 10
  • Civil disorders taken over: 7
  • Classic:
  • Won: 1 ( 5% )
  • Drawn: 6 ( 27% )
  • Survived: 6 ( 27% )
  • Defeated: 9 ( 41% )
  • Total (finished): 22
  • Classic Press:
  • Won: 1 ( 13% )
  • Drawn: 4 ( 50% )
  • Survived: 1 ( 13% )
  • Defeated: 2 ( 25% )
  • Total (finished): 8
  • Classic Gunboat:
  • Drawn: 2 ( 14% )
  • Survived: 5 ( 36% )
  • Defeated: 7 ( 50% )
  • Total (finished): 14
  • Classic Ranked:
  • Drawn: 6 ( 32% )
  • Survived: 5 ( 26% )
  • Defeated: 8 ( 42% )
  • Total (finished): 19
  • Variant stats:
  • Won: 1 ( 10% )
  • Drawn: 6 ( 60% )
  • Survived: 2 ( 20% )
  • Defeated: 1 ( 10% )
  • Total (finished): 10


Reliability Rating: 100%

Reliability Explained:

What is Reliability?

Reliability is how consistently you avoid interrupting games. Any un-excused missed turns hurt your rating. If you have any un-excused missed turns in the last 4 weeks you will receive an 11% penalty to your RR for each of those delays. It is very important to everyone you are playing with to be reliable but we understand mistakes happen so this extra penalty will drop to 5% after 28 days. All of the un-excused missed turns that negatively impact your rating are highlighted in red below. Excused delays will only negatively impact your base score, seen below. Mod excused delays do not hurt your score in any way.

Live Game: If a game had phases 60 minutes long or less any excused missed turns will only impact your rating for 28 days total. The penalty is the same, 5% long term and 6% short term, except the long term penalty is for 28 days and the short term is for 7 days.
System Excused: If you had an "excused missed turn" left this will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Mod Excused: If a moderator excused the missed turn this field will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Same Period Excused: If you have multiple un-excused missed turns in a 24 hour period you are only penalized once with the exception of live games, if this field is yes it will not cause additional penalties against your rating.

What happens if my rating is low?

Many games are made with a minimum rating requirement so this may impact the quality of games you can enter. If you have more then 3 non-live un-excused missed turns in a year you will begin getting temporarily banned from making new games, joining existing games, or rejoining your own games.

  • 1-3 un-excused delays: warnings
  • 4 un-excused delays: 1-day temp ban
  • 5 un-excused delays: 3-day temp ban
  • 6 un-excused delays: 7-day temp ban
  • 7 un-excused delays: 14-day temp ban
  • 8 un-excused delays: 30-day temp ban
  • 9 or more un-excused delays: infinite, must contact mods for removal
  • Live game excused turns are penalized independently for temporary bans. 1-2 un-excused missed turns in live games will be a warning, and the 3rd, and any after that will result in a 24 hour temp ban. The 2 warnings reset every 28 days resulting in significantly more yearly warnings for live game players then the normal system.


    User relationships

    User relationships serve two purposes:

    • 1. Allow users who have a relationship outside of the server to disclose and register the relationship.

      This lets other players account for possible bias in-game, lets players set their games to exclude close relationships between players, and helps the moderator team ignore otherwise suspicious usage patterns (e.g. a family / school using the same computer / network).
    • 2. Give users a way to register a suspicion that two or more users may have an undisclosed relationship, based on in-game behavior.

      This gives the suspected user a chance to explain before needing moderators, allows users to exclude suspected-cheaters from their games, gives an extra mechanism to help moderators identify cheaters by taking the suspicions of many users together, provides a single place where a suspicion can be discussed directly, and allows repeat offenders to be tracked across new accounts and excluded without requiring bans.

    No relationship links

    Verified Relationships

    No verified relationships exist for this user.

    Unverified Relationships

    No unverified relationships exist for this user.


    Ghost Rating Overall Trending

    Pancake The Reaper's games

    Showing results 1 to 20 of 32 total results.

    1
    Sort By:
    Finished: 05 AM Mon 24 Dec 18 UTC
    Private 2018 World Cup Finals - FP2
    1 day, 12 hours /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Autumn, 1911, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Unranked, Wait for orders
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by MadMarx (36299D(G))
    Turkey
    MadMarx (36299D(G))
    Won. 20 supply-centers, 17 units
    England
    Ezio (1731D)
    Survived. 10 supply-centers, 12 units
    Germany
    AviF (726D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    Italy
    celaph (1465D)
    Survived. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    France
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Austria
    Durga (3609D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Russia
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    peterwiggin (15158D)Austria (Autumn, 1902) with 6 centres.
    Shathebean (377D)Italy (Autumn, 1909) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 09 AM Thu 30 Aug 18 UTC
    Making Europe Bad Again
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 200 D - Spring, 2007, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Germany
    allanxo (1179D(G))
    Drawn. 23 supply-centers, 23 units
    Ukraine
    nguyenmt (5329D)
    Drawn. 21 supply-centers, 21 units
    Spain
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    Egypt
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Russia
    Tanteno (126D)
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    Britain
    RampantLion (937D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    France
    rannjohnson (1286D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Italy
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Poland
    Omphalos (1463D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Turkey
    Roadhog (24D(G))
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    Il_Principe (0DX)Ukraine (Autumn, 1996) with 6 centres.
    Finished: 07 AM Wed 16 May 18 UTC
    Private 2018 World Cup Group B FP2
    1 day, 12 hours /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Autumn, 1908, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Unranked
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Durga (3609D)
    Russia
    Durga (3609D)
    Won. 19 supply-centers, 17 units
    France
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    England
    Shathebean (377D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    Italy
    Lordtruce (156D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    Turkey
    Hoppsywins (1387D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 4 units
    Germany
    Deeply_Dippy (458D)
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 3 units
    Austria
    Fiske (114D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Finished: 01 PM Sun 05 Nov 17 UTC
    Grown like a butterfly 2
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 210 D - Autumn, 1911, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by brkyzgn (2403D)
    Turkey
    brkyzgn (2403D)
    Won. 21 supply-centers, 16 units
    Germany
    lambda (2138D)
    Survived. 9 supply-centers, 9 units
    France
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    England
    Qacper (1223D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Austria
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Russia
    erzetael (1183D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Italy
    LordDoctor (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Civil Disorders
    LordDoctor (100D)Italy (Spring, 1911) with 1 centres.
    Finished: 09 PM Mon 13 Nov 17 UTC
    #SPOOPY
    12 hours /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Autumn, 9, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Carthage
    Ding5663 (1270D)
    Drawn. 16 supply-centers, 16 units
    Persia
    helms (135D(B))
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 9 units
    Greece
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 7 units
    Egypt
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    Rome
    JoeKerACK (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    EvJayy3943 (100D)Greece (Spring, 5) with 8 centres.
    CarsonCole (100D)Carthage (Spring, 5) with 10 centres.
    Finished: 04 PM Mon 30 Oct 17 UTC
    Under the gun +10
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 231 D - Spring, 1911, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    France
    erzetael (1183D)
    Drawn. 13 supply-centers, 13 units
    Russia
    Qacper (1223D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Italy
    brkyzgn (2403D)
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 8 units
    England
    jinwon3009 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 33D
    Germany
    SpaceDip (768D)
    Defeated. Bet: 33D
    Austria
    Defeated. Bet: 33D
    Turkey
    Defeated. Bet: 33D
    Finished: 01 AM Wed 08 Nov 17 UTC
    Under the gun +9
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 189 D - Spring, 1909, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Russia
    erzetael (1183D)
    Drawn. 13 supply-centers, 13 units
    Austria
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Germany
    Sytosis (106D)
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    France
    Qacper (1223D)
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    England
    Defeated. Bet: 27D
    Italy
    EvJayy3943 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 27D
    Turkey
    The Beev (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Civil Disorders
    Yargo (101D)Turkey (Spring, 1904) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 04 AM Mon 06 Nov 17 UTC
    Shut Up and Fight!
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 300 D - Autumn, 2005, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by tektelmektel (2791D(S))
    Italy
    tektelmektel (2791D(S))
    Won. 35 supply-centers, 29 units
    Russia
    svenubl (4051D)
    Survived. 9 supply-centers, 10 units
    Britain
    Survived. 8 supply-centers, 9 units
    Poland
    acamer4 (508D)
    Survived. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Egypt
    dagabs0 (30612D)
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Spain
    Tugster (12727D)
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 3 units
    France
    Bosch Dewalt (100D)
    Survived. 1 supply-centers, 2 units
    Germany
    LordDoctor (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Turkey
    Bigdbass (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Ukraine
    Omphalos (1463D)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Civil Disorders
    sideroxylon1 (1769D)Britain (Spring, 2003) with 8 centres.
    Finished: 03 PM Sat 30 Sep 17 UTC
    Modern Diplomacy II - N00bs only
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 150 D - Autumn, 2001, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, No messaging, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Britain
    JamesYanik (548D)
    Drawn. 13 supply-centers, 11 units
    Russia
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 10 units
    Egypt
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Turkey
    ryanrogers (1824D)
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 8 units
    Spain
    Anneal (245D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    France
    djnogueira (240D)
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 6 units
    Poland
    Mathis (100D)
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 7 units
    Ukraine
    Master_Berry (100D)
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 3 units
    Italy
    Lifespan (109D)
    Defeated. Bet: 15D
    Germany
    Defeated. Bet: 15D
    Civil Disorders
    Lifespan (109D)Italy (Autumn, 1994) with 4 centres.
    Finished: 08 PM Sat 28 Oct 17 UTC
    A Classic Catposter
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 210 D - Autumn, 1912, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Germany
    QuackkAttackk (2041D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 16 units
    Italy
    guak (3381D)
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 14 units
    France
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    Russia
    ibadibam (377D)
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    England
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Austria
    WyattS14 (100D(B))
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Turkey
    LordDoctor (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 30D
    Civil Disorders
    quando (100D)England (Spring, 1907) with 1 centres.
    Finished: 01 AM Mon 09 Oct 17 UTC
    'Murica-12
    12 hours /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Spring, 2011, Finished
    Fall of the American Empire IV, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Peru
    Drawn. 23 supply-centers, 23 units
    Quebec
    Ember (100D)
    Drawn. 20 supply-centers, 20 units
    Mexico
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 15 units
    Cuba
    Anneal (245D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Florida
    ChefBoyRDers (209D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    California
    BadSenator (191D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Heartland
    moodltha00 (125D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Texas
    CarsonCole (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    British-Columbia
    DickPick86 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    New-York
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Aegon I Targaryen (100D)Mexico (Spring, 2010) with 15 centres.
    Looter (100D)California (Autumn, 2003) with 5 centres.
    10195097 (30D)British-Columbia (Autumn, 2002) with 3 centres.
    Biarrhea (100D)Mexico (Autumn, 1999) with 3 centres.
    PrinzEugene (100D)British-Columbia (Autumn, 2004) with 2 centres.
    Finished: 08 AM Sun 15 Oct 17 UTC
    Diplomacy-185
    12 hours /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Autumn, 1920, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Unranked
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Pancake The Reaper (363D)
    Austria
    Won. 20 supply-centers, 16 units
    Italy
    Anneal (245D)
    Survived. 9 supply-centers, 10 units
    Russia
    Mnichiem (313D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    France
    Shun Jeffrey (323D)
    Survived. 1 supply-centers, 2 units
    Germany
    Frank9 (509D)
    Survived. 1 supply-centers, 2 units
    England
    Generic_nerd (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Turkey
    ChefBoyRDers (209D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    MonsieurJavert (214D)Austria (Spring, 1906) with 7 centres.
    bben101 (100D)France (Autumn, 1909) with 5 centres.
    10195097 (30D)Russia (Autumn, 1905) with 4 centres.
    Blueboy101 (100D)Germany (Autumn, 1910) with 6 centres.
    Cream Man (100D)England (Spring, 1904) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 12 PM Mon 04 Sep 17 UTC
    Napoleon-3
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 10 D - Autumn, 1905, Finished
    Classic - France vs Austria, Public messaging only, Unranked
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Pancake The Reaper (363D)
    Austria
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 12 units
    France
    Meadows (100D)
    Survived. 12 supply-centers, 10 units
    Finished: 07 PM Sat 02 Sep 17 UTC
    Live for undead-3
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 70 D - Autumn, 1912, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Austria
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 13 units
    France
    Ding5663 (1270D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Russia
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 10 units
    Turkey
    Drawn. 2 supply-centers, 1 units
    England
    Thorrbo (926D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Italy
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    Bendin (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Finished: 04 PM Sat 02 Sep 17 UTC
    Live for undead-2
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 50 D - Autumn, 8, Finished
    The Ancient Mediterranean, Rulebook press, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by yoak (1676D)
    Carthage
    yoak (1676D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 16 units
    Persia
    TripleW (106D)
    Survived. 10 supply-centers, 11 units
    Greece
    Survived. 6 supply-centers, 7 units
    Egypt
    DeepComa (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Rome
    Bendin (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Finished: 12 PM Sat 02 Sep 17 UTC
    Live for undead
    5 minutes /phase
    Pot: 70 D - Spring, 1909, Finished
    Classic, Rulebook press, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Germany
    Axxl (289D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    England
    Drawn. 7 supply-centers, 7 units
    Italy
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    Turkey
    Drawn. 6 supply-centers, 6 units
    Austria
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    France
    mfliegauf1 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    vixol (1186D(B))
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Finished: 11 PM Wed 13 Sep 17 UTC
    Public Game-2
    12 hours /phase
    Pot: 35 D - Autumn, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    France
    Bob Al Hubob (880D)
    Drawn. 16 supply-centers, 16 units
    Austria
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Turkey
    markradar29 (401D)
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Germany
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    England
    ChefBoyRDers (209D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Russia
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Italy
    fgrip (107D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    gishthefish (0DX)Germany (Autumn, 1901) with 4 centres.
    Kitt (100D)France (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 03 PM Mon 09 Oct 17 UTC
    Casual Game -6
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 100 D - Autumn, 2008, Finished
    Fall of the American Empire IV, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Quebec
    Drawn. 25 supply-centers, 25 units
    Mexico
    SkiingCougar (1033D)
    Drawn. 18 supply-centers, 17 units
    Cuba
    ChippeRock (2554D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Florida
    czechveck (311D)
    Drawn. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    British-Columbia
    StandBi (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Texas
    YourBoyGuzma (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Peru
    Emolga (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    California
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    New-York
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Heartland
    harv043 (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Civil Disorders
    Pocholoxor (0DX)Texas (Spring, 2002) with 6 centres.
    dobreni (0DX)Florida (Autumn, 2002) with 7 centres.
    gishthefish (0DX)New-York (Spring, 2001) with 3 centres.
    jewishlad1933 (0DX)Heartland (Autumn, 1999) with 3 centres.
    jcu2121 (100D)Cuba (Autumn, 2006) with 11 centres.
    ForTheMotherLand (55DX)Mexico (Autumn, 1999) with 5 centres.
    Laissez-faire (100D)New-York (Spring, 2003) with 1 centres.
    Biarrhea (100D)Texas (Spring, 2003) with 3 centres.
    YourBoyGuzma (100D)Texas (Autumn, 2003) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 07 AM Wed 27 Sep 17 UTC
    The Game-82
    12 hours /phase
    Pot: 100 D - Spring, 2006, Finished
    Modern Diplomacy II, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Britain
    Roadhog (24D(G))
    Drawn. 23 supply-centers, 23 units
    Poland
    StandBi (100D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 17 units
    Italy
    JM6D (100D)
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    Egypt
    Wusti (889D)
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    France
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    Drikus (966D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    Tseena (132D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Spain
    Raxxel (340D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Turkey
    ckoch22 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 0D
    Ukraine
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    jcu2121 (100D)Turkey (Spring, 2002) with 9 centres.
    Finished: 02 PM Mon 02 Oct 17 UTC
    Private Kartofle to tez warzywa
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 70 D - Spring, 1912, Finished
    Classic, Rulebook press, Anonymous players, Sum-of-Squares Scoring, Hidden draw votes
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    England
    mcbride (953D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    France
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Russia
    erzetael (1183D)
    Drawn. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Italy
    Ricky456 (31D)
    Drawn. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Turkey
    Resigned. 5 supply-centers, 5 units
    Germany
    Jagood (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Austria
    Qacper (1223D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    fukushimakamacrazy (70DX)Turkey (Spring, 1910) with 11 centres.

    1