Nostradumass

Profile Information

  • Last visited: 03 May 10 UTC
  • Joined: 06 Oct 09 UTC


Ranking Info Help

    PointsD:
  • Available: 119
  • In play: 0
  • Total: 119
  • Ghost Rating Overall:
  • Rating: 63
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 74,160
  • Ghost Rating Full Press:
  • Rating: 84
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 30,038
  • Ghost Rating Gunboat:
  • Rating: 97
  • Peak: 100
  • Position: 13,231


Game Stats
  • All Game stats:
  • Game messages: 979

  • Won: 2 ( 7% )
  • Drawn: 1 ( 3% )
  • Survived: 8 ( 28% )
  • Defeated: 16 ( 55% )
  • Resigned: 2 ( 7% )
  • Total (finished): 29

  • Civil disorder: 9
  • Civil disorders taken over: 22
  • Classic:
  • Won: 2 ( 7% )
  • Drawn: 1 ( 3% )
  • Survived: 8 ( 28% )
  • Defeated: 16 ( 55% )
  • Resigned: 2 ( 7% )
  • Total (finished): 29
  • Classic Press:
  • Won: 2 ( 8% )
  • Drawn: 1 ( 4% )
  • Survived: 8 ( 32% )
  • Defeated: 13 ( 52% )
  • Resigned: 1 ( 4% )
  • Total (finished): 25
  • Classic Gunboat:
  • Defeated: 1 ( 50% )
  • Resigned: 1 ( 50% )
  • Total (finished): 2
  • Classic Ranked:
  • Won: 2 ( 7% )
  • Drawn: 1 ( 3% )
  • Survived: 8 ( 28% )
  • Defeated: 16 ( 55% )
  • Resigned: 2 ( 7% )
  • Total (finished): 29


Reliability Rating: 100%

Reliability Explained:

What is Reliability?

Reliability is how consistently you avoid interrupting games. Any un-excused missed turns hurt your rating. If you have any un-excused missed turns in the last 4 weeks you will receive an 11% penalty to your RR for each of those delays. It is very important to everyone you are playing with to be reliable but we understand mistakes happen so this extra penalty will drop to 5% after 28 days. All of the un-excused missed turns that negatively impact your rating are highlighted in red below. Excused delays will only negatively impact your base score, seen below. Mod excused delays do not hurt your score in any way.

Live Game: If a game had phases 60 minutes long or less any excused missed turns will only impact your rating for 28 days total. The penalty is the same, 5% long term and 6% short term, except the long term penalty is for 28 days and the short term is for 7 days.
System Excused: If you had an "excused missed turn" left this will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Mod Excused: If a moderator excused the missed turn this field will be yes and will not cause additional penalties against your rating.
Same Period Excused: If you have multiple un-excused missed turns in a 24 hour period you are only penalized once with the exception of live games, if this field is yes it will not cause additional penalties against your rating.

What happens if my rating is low?

Many games are made with a minimum rating requirement so this may impact the quality of games you can enter. If you have more then 3 non-live un-excused missed turns in a year you will begin getting temporarily banned from making new games, joining existing games, or rejoining your own games.

  • 1-3 un-excused delays: warnings
  • 4 un-excused delays: 1-day temp ban
  • 5 un-excused delays: 3-day temp ban
  • 6 un-excused delays: 7-day temp ban
  • 7 un-excused delays: 14-day temp ban
  • 8 un-excused delays: 30-day temp ban
  • 9 or more un-excused delays: infinite, must contact mods for removal
  • Live game excused turns are penalized independently for temporary bans. 1-2 un-excused missed turns in live games will be a warning, and the 3rd, and any after that will result in a 24 hour temp ban. The 2 warnings reset every 28 days resulting in significantly more yearly warnings for live game players then the normal system.


    User relationships

    User relationships serve two purposes:

    • 1. Allow users who have a relationship outside of the server to disclose and register the relationship.

      This lets other players account for possible bias in-game, lets players set their games to exclude close relationships between players, and helps the moderator team ignore otherwise suspicious usage patterns (e.g. a family / school using the same computer / network).
    • 2. Give users a way to register a suspicion that two or more users may have an undisclosed relationship, based on in-game behavior.

      This gives the suspected user a chance to explain before needing moderators, allows users to exclude suspected-cheaters from their games, gives an extra mechanism to help moderators identify cheaters by taking the suspicions of many users together, provides a single place where a suspicion can be discussed directly, and allows repeat offenders to be tracked across new accounts and excluded without requiring bans.

    No relationship links

    Verified Relationships

    No verified relationships exist for this user.

    Unverified Relationships

    No unverified relationships exist for this user.


    Ghost Rating Overall Trending

    Nostradumass's games

    Showing results 1 to 20 of 29 total results.

    1
    Sort By:
    Finished: 02 AM Thu 27 May 10 UTC
    Stranger in a strange land-2
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 175 D - Autumn, 1915, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by VVinston Smith (0DX)
    Turkey
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 16 units
    England
    Amon Savag (929D)
    Survived. 14 supply-centers, 13 units
    France
    Ello (100D)
    Resigned. 2 supply-centers, 4 units
    Italy
    gordonpup (1127D)
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Russia
    SectionThree (122D)
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Austria
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Germany
    hipopot (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Civil Disorders
    gordonpup (1127D)Italy (Spring, 1904) with 1 centres.
    Ello (100D)France (Autumn, 1914) with 5 centres.
    Nostradumass (119D)Austria (Spring, 1906) with 5 centres.
    Finished: 08 PM Sat 22 May 10 UTC
    Texas ranger
    3 days /phase
    Pot: 71 D - Autumn, 1908, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    France
    Lady-Ratix (100D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 11 units
    Turkey
    Donk3y_Boy (124D)
    Drawn. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Austria
    marshal969 (1792D(S))
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Germany
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Resigned. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    England
    Defeated. Bet: 8D
    Italy
    KiloPound (144D)
    Defeated. Bet: 6D
    Russia
    sokkos (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 8D
    Civil Disorders
    thedayofdays (95D)Germany (Autumn, 1903) with 5 centres.
    Nostradumass (119D)Germany (Spring, 1907) with 5 centres.
    Cat-like Theif (100D)England (Autumn, 1903) with 2 centres.
    Shan Canre (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    KiloPound (144D)Italy (Spring, 1903) with 2 centres.
    Finished: 04 PM Sat 15 May 10 UTC
    all will die!
    3 days /phase
    Pot: 83 D - Autumn, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    France
    Dpddouglass (908D)
    Drawn. 15 supply-centers, 15 units
    Turkey
    Drawn. 10 supply-centers, 10 units
    Italy
    wizard (0DX)
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 9 units
    Russia
    Falken (360D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Austria
    CoachShack (223D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 13D
    England
    cSURF (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    Spuddyy (100D)Germany (Spring, 1904) with 5 centres.
    cSURF (100D)England (Spring, 1903) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 09 AM Fri 12 Feb 10 UTC
    big deal
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 52 D - Autumn, 1909, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by General Maximus (1715D)
    England
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 15 units
    Turkey
    Lan (262D)
    Survived. 13 supply-centers, 11 units
    Italy
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 4 units
    Austria
    Fenris (532D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Russia
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 6D
    France
    Jack123 (116D)
    Defeated. Bet: 7D
    Germany
    dimkos21 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Nostradumass (119D)Russia (Spring, 1908) with 4 centres.
    Jack123 (116D)France (Autumn, 1905) with 1 centres.
    LogicCure (494D)Russia (Autumn, 1903) with 4 centres.
    dimkos21 (100D)Germany (Autumn, 1907) with 1 centres.
    madpaul (100D)France (Spring, 1903) with 5 centres.
    edpeters (100D)England (Spring, 1903) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 05 PM Tue 09 Feb 10 UTC
    Mid Boss
    18 hours /phase
    Pot: 70 D - Autumn, 1913, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by carne (490D)
    Turkey
    carne (490D)
    Won. 19 supply-centers, 17 units
    Germany
    TOGANOXIE (0DX)
    Survived. 13 supply-centers, 11 units
    Italy
    Ronkonkoma (100D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    France
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Resigned. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Austria
    presjpolk (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    England
    lordmartini (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    gencho (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    Nostradumass (119D)France (Spring, 1913) with 3 centres.
    lordmartini (100D)England (Autumn, 1905) with 2 centres.
    Finished: 06 PM Sat 23 Jan 10 UTC
    Jedi's domain
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 258 D - Autumn, 1913, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Nostradumass (119D)
    Germany
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 14 units
    Austria
    rhydon (3098D)
    Survived. 14 supply-centers, 13 units
    France
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 4 units
    England
    jonach (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Turkey
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Italy
    Hackibert (25D)
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Russia
    jedi3 (5DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 25D
    Civil Disorders
    jedi3 (5DX)Russia (Autumn, 1903) with 3 centres.
    mrbichel (100D)Germany (Spring, 1903) with 7 centres.
    gtidey (485D)Austria (Autumn, 1903) with 4 centres.
    Finished: 05 PM Thu 07 Jan 10 UTC
    Testicle festival!
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 93 D - Autumn, 1908, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Stukus (2126D)
    Italy
    Stukus (2126D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 16 units
    England
    turbomursu (100D)
    Survived. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    France
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 5 units
    Turkey
    general (100D)
    Survived. 1 supply-centers, 2 units
    Germany
    roddy (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Austria
    Nowel (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    roragons (705D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    roragons (705D)Russia (Spring, 1906) with 3 centres.
    space20021 (281D)France (Autumn, 1905) with 5 centres.
    Tylersnacks (100D)Turkey (Spring, 1903) with 4 centres.
    Finished: 10 AM Fri 05 Feb 10 UTC
    bang-2
    3 days /phase
    Pot: 181 D - Autumn, 1908, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by prober77 (212D)
    Russia
    prober77 (212D)
    Won. 20 supply-centers, 17 units
    France
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Survived. 11 supply-centers, 10 units
    England
    PatDragon (103D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 4 units
    Turkey
    roragons (705D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Austria
    Kashyyk (196D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Germany
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Italy
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    Chest Rockwell (490D)Germany (Spring, 1905) with 2 centres.
    glathoro (100D)France (Autumn, 1903) with 5 centres.
    athanos (100D)Austria (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    greatbigconvoy (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1906) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 04 PM Fri 18 Dec 09 UTC
    Anonimo-7
    22 hours /phase
    Pot: 45 D - Spring, 1908, Finished
    Classic, Public messaging only, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Italy
    Drawn. 14 supply-centers, 14 units
    England
    Pipe (553D)
    Drawn. 12 supply-centers, 12 units
    Germany
    SohDjinn (3996D)
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 8 units
    France
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 7D
    Austria
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Turkey
    Peligreeno (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 3D
    Russia
    HoboPope (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    mikeconroy (0DX)Turkey (Autumn, 1902) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 11 AM Thu 10 Dec 09 UTC
    fail
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 96 D - Autumn, 1908, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by paulyork64 (351D)
    Turkey
    paulyork64 (351D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 16 units
    England
    Jamiet99uk (1307D)
    Survived. 13 supply-centers, 10 units
    France
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 7 units
    Italy
    Ironman (765DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Austria
    doofman (201D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    crazypenguin (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    roddy (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    roddy (100D)Germany (Autumn, 1904) with 1 centres.
    crazypenguin (100D)Russia (Autumn, 1906) with 1 centres.
    Finished: 10 AM Sat 27 Mar 10 UTC
    Newbie Game for fun
    3 days /phase
    Pot: 84 D - Autumn, 1916, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Anton Bruckner (199D)
    England
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 17 units
    Austria
    sllippi (423D)
    Survived. 16 supply-centers, 16 units
    France
    himethisisme (839D)
    Defeated. Bet: 2D
    Turkey
    JEccles (421D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Italy
    Sinon (133D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    jpetry (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    JEccles (421D)Turkey (Spring, 1905) with 3 centres.
    Nostradumass (119D)Russia (Spring, 1910) with 2 centres.
    Sinon (133D)Italy (Autumn, 1914) with 1 centres.
    jpetry (100D)Germany (Spring, 1909) with 4 centres.
    ParanoidMoon (100D)France (Autumn, 1904) with 2 centres.
    Finished: 11 PM Sun 07 Feb 10 UTC
    Who here can trace their ancestry back to 1499?
    2 days /phase
    Pot: 107 D - Autumn, 1915, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Troodonte (3379D)
    Turkey
    Troodonte (3379D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 13 units
    England
    paulyork64 (351D)
    Survived. 10 supply-centers, 11 units
    France
    baumhaeuer (245D)
    Survived. 6 supply-centers, 9 units
    Russia
    JECE (1322D)
    Defeated. Bet: 2D
    Austria
    sllippi (423D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 7D
    Italy
    Mrpaulbearer (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    John Galt (102D)Turkey (Spring, 1911) with 9 centres.
    ca-oboy (100D)Russia (Autumn, 1903) with 2 centres.
    Kaleb Rockefeller (100D)Germany (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 08 AM Tue 08 Dec 09 UTC
    Super Gunboat
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 86 D - Autumn, 1914, Finished
    Classic, No messaging, Anonymous players, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by hellalt (113D)
    England
    hellalt (113D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 17 units
    Austria
    Noob179 (645D)
    Survived. 13 supply-centers, 13 units
    Russia
    Morandini (137D)
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 4 units
    France
    saffordpc (163D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Italy
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 8D
    Germany
    Pipe (553D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Turkey
    Macrado (706D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    saffordpc (163D)France (Autumn, 1908) with 1 centres.
    WixTeR (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    segasys (100D)Italy (Autumn, 1902) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 02 PM Sun 15 Nov 09 UTC
    Imperius
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 70 D - Spring, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    England
    ug987 (0DX)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 17 units
    France
    Mauldinado (392D)
    Drawn. 16 supply-centers, 14 units
    Austria
    Drawn. 1 supply-centers, 1 units
    Italy
    Wolf89 (215D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    Pepe (166D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Turkey
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    colonelsteven (100D)Turkey (Autumn, 1909) with 0 centres.
    Finished: 12 PM Thu 25 Mar 10 UTC
    Kanye West's World War I Odessy
    4 days /phase
    Pot: 161 D - Autumn, 1914, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Dpddouglass (908D)
    England
    Dpddouglass (908D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 16 units
    Austria
    phantom420 (100D)
    Survived. 11 supply-centers, 11 units
    Italy
    Survived. 5 supply-centers, 6 units
    Russia
    theis (300D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    France
    duzenko (175D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Turkey
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Germany
    akssoon (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Civil Disorders
    jpvg1981 (100D)Russia (Autumn, 1901) with 4 centres.
    Finished: 02 PM Thu 05 Nov 09 UTC
    Being Italy Sucks
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 38 D - Autumn, 1906, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by cwute (0DX)
    France
    cwute (0DX)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 15 units
    Russia
    Harlequin (140D)
    Survived. 5 supply-centers, 6 units
    Turkey
    Lan (262D)
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 3 units
    Austria
    mss (100D)
    Survived. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Italy
    Survived. 3 supply-centers, 4 units
    Germany
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    England
    zckls04 (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 3D
    Civil Disorders
    wbcorkery (0DX)England (Autumn, 1902) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 07 AM Thu 10 Dec 09 UTC
    Private Book of the Dead
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 140 D - Spring, 1916, Finished
    Classic, Draw-Size Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    France
    LanGaidin (1509D)
    Drawn. 13 supply-centers, 13 units
    Turkey
    Drawn. 9 supply-centers, 9 units
    Italy
    BESM (18622D)
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 8 units
    Germany
    Mack Eye (119D)
    Drawn. 4 supply-centers, 3 units
    Russia
    TiresiasBC (388D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Austria
    LeoDaVinci (170D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    England
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Defeated. Bet: 20D
    Finished: 10 AM Sat 24 Oct 09 UTC
    Who wants some?
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 44 D - Autumn, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Napoleon of Oz (2709D)
    England
    Won. 19 supply-centers, 17 units
    France
    Analysis (173D)
    Survived. 7 supply-centers, 10 units
    Italy
    thepatman (100D)
    Survived. 6 supply-centers, 4 units
    Austria
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Survived. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Turkey
    BananaFang (377D)
    Defeated. Bet: 4D
    Russia
    Gaulgath (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Germany
    teebeak (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 5D
    Civil Disorders
    Gaulgath (100D)Russia (Spring, 1907) with 6 centres.
    Lofoten (100D)Austria (Spring, 1907) with 7 centres.
    Xmplify (100D)Turkey (Autumn, 1901) with 3 centres.
    Finished: 06 PM Sun 20 Dec 09 UTC
    100 years of war!
    1 day /phase
    Pot: 82 D - Autumn, 1919, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game won by Nostradumass (119D)
    Russia
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Won. 18 supply-centers, 16 units
    Austria
    maxx233 (127D)
    Survived. 16 supply-centers, 15 units
    England
    Cubsfn (100D)
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    Italy
    Survived. 0 supply-centers, 1 units
    France
    L (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Germany
    aqeel (568D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Turkey
    DavesLaw (0DX)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Civil Disorders
    L (100D)France (Autumn, 1907) with 3 centres.
    DavesLaw (0DX)Turkey (Spring, 1909) with 1 centres.
    chinter (100D)Austria (Spring, 1902) with 5 centres.
    Finished: 10 AM Thu 24 Dec 09 UTC
    the art of war-3
    3 days /phase
    Pot: 104 D - Autumn, 1910, Finished
    Classic, Anonymous players, Survivors-Win Scoring
    1 excused missed turn
    Game drawn
    Turkey
    Benjamin (208D)
    Drawn. 17 supply-centers, 17 units
    Germany
    stephendl (162D)
    Drawn. 8 supply-centers, 8 units
    England
    Nostradumass (119D)
    Drawn. 4 supply-centers, 4 units
    Italy
    Drawn. 3 supply-centers, 3 units
    France
    Wolf89 (215D)
    Drawn. 2 supply-centers, 2 units
    Austria
    Zeno Izen (100D)
    Defeated. Bet: 10D
    Russia
    I_mira (113D)
    Defeated. Bet: 12D
    Civil Disorders
    slackingest (100D)France (Autumn, 1901) with 4 centres.
    mcace (100D)Russia (Autumn, 1901) with 4 centres.
    mitsos (100D)Russia (Autumn, 1902) with 4 centres.

    1